Term
|
Definition
| the relative capabilities or resources held by a state that are considered necessary to it's asserting influence over others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the concept in decision-making theories that when the occasion arises to use resources, what is gained for one purpose is lost for other purposes, so that every choice entails the cost of some lost opportunity. |
|
|
Term
| Military-industrial complex |
|
Definition
| a term coined by U.S. president Eisenhower to describe the coalition among arms manufactureres, military bureaucracies, and top government officials that promotes defense expenditures for it's own profit and power. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the spread of weapon capabilites throughout the state system |
|
|
Term
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
(NPT)
|
|
Definition
| an international agreement that seeks to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons by prohibiting further nuclear weapons sales, acquisitions, or production. |
|
|
Term
Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles
(MIRVs) |
|
Definition
| a technological innovation permitting many nuyclear warheads to be delivered from a single missile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| precision guided military technology that enables a bomb to search for it's target and detonate at the precise time it can do the most damage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the expected freeze that would occur in the earth's climate from the fallout of smoke and dust in the event cuclear weapons were used, blocking out sunglight and destroying plant and animal life that survived the original blast. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a threat of force aimed at making an adversary grant concessions against its will |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| internally taking enourmous risks in bargaining with an adversary in order to compel submission |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a policy of responding to any act of aggression with the ost destructive capabilites available, including nuclear weapons. |
|
|
Term
| Countervalue targeting strategy |
|
Definition
| targeting strategic nuclear weapons against an enemy's most valued nonmilitary resources, such as the people and industries located in its cities (sometimes known as countercity targeting) |
|
|
Term
| Counterforce targeting strategy |
|
Definition
| targeting nuclearn weapons on the military capabilities of an opponent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a state's capacity to retaliate after absorbing a first-strike attack with weapons of mass destrution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the combination of ICBM's, SLBMs, and long range bombers in a second strike nuclear force |
|
|
Term
Mutual assured destruction
(MAD) |
|
Definition
| a system of deterrence in which both sides possess the ability to survice a first strike and launch a devastating retaliatory attack |
|
|
Term
| Nuclear Utilization theory (NUTS) |
|
Definition
| a body of strategic thought that claimed deterrent threats would be more credible if nuclear weapons were made more usable |
|
|
Term
| Strategic defense Initiative (SDI) |
|
Definition
| Plan conceived by the Reagan administration to deply an antiballistic missile system using space-based lasers that would destroy enemy nuclear missiles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a quick first-strike attack that seeks to defeat an adversary before it can organize a retaliatory response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a war undertaken to preclude an adversary from acquiring the capability to attack sometime in the future. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the use of threats or limited armed force to persuade an adversary to alter its foreign and/or domestic policies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a demand that contains a time limit for compliance and a threat of punishment for resistance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| overt or covert use of force by one or more countries that cross the border of another country in order to affect the target country's government and policies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secret activities undertaken by a state outside it's borders through clandestine means to achieve specific political or military goals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the punitive use of trade or monetary measures, such as an embargo, to harm the economy of an enemy state in order to exercise influence over its policies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a conditions under which the quantity demanded of a good does not decrease as its price increases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a policy that singles out states that support terrorist groups and advocates military strikes against them to prevent a future attack on the United States. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the propensity of armaments undertaken by one state for ostensibly defensive purposes to threaten other states, which arm in reaction, with the result that their national security declines as their arms increase. |
|
|
