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| Repetition of initial consonant sounds in consecutive or neighboring sounds. |
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| Repetition of vowel sounds within non-rhyming words. |
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| Repetition of consonant sounds. If the repeated sound is at the start of the word, it’s alliteration –if it is anywhere else, it is consonance. t is used to reinforce the meanings of words or to set the mood. |
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| pleasant spoken sound created by smooth consonants such as "ripple or "pleasure" |
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| Harsh or unpleasant spoken sound created by clashing consonants |
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| word whose sound resembles what it describes: "snap" "bang" |
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| Recounts a story. 2 most famous are epic and ballad. |
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| recount the accomplishments of heroic figures (vast settings, superhuman feats, gods, supernatural elements) |
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| originally intended to be sung. Uses repeated words and phrases to advance its story |
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| Communicates a speaker’s mood, feelings, or state of mind. Takes various forms. |
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| a poet mourns the death of a person/persons |
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| a long lyric poem intended as an address to a particular subject –formal, serious in style, tone, and subject |
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| poem about morning, usually celebrating the coming of dawn |
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| focuses on a physical object, using this object as a vehicle for considering larger issues |
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| celebrates the simply/idyllic pleasures of country life |
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| written to celebrate a particular event or occasion |
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| speaker addresses one or more silent listeners, often revealing much more than intended |
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final vowel and consonant sounds must be the same
born and horn |
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final consonant sound is the same but the preceding vowel sound is different
learn and barn |
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two words look like they might rhyme but they don't
watch and catch |
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| occurs at the end of a line |
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| occurs at the beginning of a line |
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| characteristic long lines give appearance of prose |
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| regular patterns of meter, rhyme, line length, stanza division |
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unrhymed
Each line pattern of 5 stressed, 5 unstressed syllables (iambic pentameter) |
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| 7 line stanza (Iambic pentameter) |
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| Shakespearean Sonnet/English Sonnet |
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| 14 lines, 3 quatrains, concluding couplet |
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| 14 lines (Iambic Pentameter), 8 line units/stanzas (octave), 6 line unit/stanza (sestet) |
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six 6-line stanzas, 3 line conclusion (envoi)
each line must end with 1 of 6 keywords |
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| 19 line poem: five 3-line stanzas, concluding quatrain, 2 different lines systematically repeat |
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Brief, unrhymed poem that presents the essence of some aspect of nature, concentrating a vivid image in three lines.
In strictest sense, it consists of 17 syllables divided into lines of 5, 7, 5 syllables |
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| The speaker of a poem –a mask that the poet puts on. Without hard evidence to support a link between the speaker and the poet, do not assume they are the same |
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Poets indicate tone by using rhyme, meter, word choice, sentence structure, figures of speech, and imagery. Conveys the speaker’s attitude toward his or her subject or audience.
“The Man He Killed” by Thomas Hardy |
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A short poem that makes a pointed comment in an unusually clear, and often witty, manner.
“To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time” by Robert Herrick |
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Takes a simile and runs with it.
A single simile is extended throughout the poem.
“Constantly Risking Absurdity” by Lawrence Ferlinghetti |
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Takes a metaphor and runs with it.
A single metaphor is extended throughout the poem, making it an extended metaphor.
“Rooming houses are old women” by AudreLorde |
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| rhymed abba/abba with a six line sestet |
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| rhymed cdc/cdc or a variation |
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| Substitution of the name of one thing for the name of another thing that most readers associate with the first |
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A specific kind of metonymy.
Substitution of a part for the whole |
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| Carpe Diem (Seize The Day) |
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One should enjoy life today before it passes by.
Robert Herrick: "To The Virgins To Make Much Of Time" |
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Iambic meters and anapestic meters.
they progress from unstressed ( ̆ ) to stressed ( ‘ ) syllables |
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Trochaic meters and dactylic meters.
they progress from stressed ( ‘ )to unstressed ( ̆ ) syllables |
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Basic unit of measure.
A group of syllables with a fixed pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables |
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| a line of verse identifies the name of the foot used and the number of feet the line contains |
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| lines that have distinct pauses at the end |
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| lines that do not end with strong pauses |
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