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| the outermost layer of the Earth |
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| the layer of the Earth between the crust and the core |
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| the layer of the Earth that expends from the bottom of the mantle to the center of the Earth- comprised of inner and outer cores |
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| the outermost rigid layer of the Earth made up of the crust and the upper part of the mantle |
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| the plastic layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere moves |
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| the bottom part of the mantle |
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| the solid, dense metallic center of the Earth |
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| pieces of the lithosphere that move around on top of the asthenosphere |
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| vibrations that are produced when an earthquake happens |
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| measures how long it takes for the seismic waves to travel-used to help estimate the thickness of the Earth's layers |
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| the hypothesis that states continents once formed a single landmass, but broke up and drifted to different locations |
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| the name of the single huge continent hypothesized by Wegener |
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| when magma rises to the surface and solidifies, making new oceanic lithosphere |
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| the theory that the earth's lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that move around on top of the asthenoshere |
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| a place where tectonic plates touch. |
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| when two tectonic plates collide |
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| when two tectonic plates separate |
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Definition
| when two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally |
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| Global Positioning System |
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Definition
| a system of satellites used to measure the rate of tectonic movement |
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Definition
| the type of stress that is caused when an object is squeezed |
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| the type of stress that occurs when an object is stretched |
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| the bending of rock layers because of stress in the earth's crust |
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| the surface along which rocks break and slide past each other |
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| hanging wall moves down-occurs due to tension |
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Definition
| hanging wall moves up-occurs due to compression |
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Definition
| when rock layers are squeezed together and pushed upward (Appalachians, Alps, himalayas, Ural) |
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| when tension causes large blocks of earth's crust to drop down relative to other blocks, producing sharp, jagged peaks (Tetons) |
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| located at convergent boundaries such as the Ring of Fire |
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| the rising of regions of the Earth's crust to higher elevations |
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| the sinking of regions of the Earth's crust to lower elevations |
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| a set of deep cracks that forms between two tectonic plates that are pulling away from each other |
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| the change in the shape of rock in response to stress |
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| opposing forces cause rock to break and move horizontally- occurs due to movement of transform boundary |
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| the point on the Earth's surface directly above an earthquakes starting point |
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| the point inside the Earth where an earthquake begins |
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| molten rock inside the Earth's surface |
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| magma that has been forced upward and flows on to the Earth's surface |
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| any material that attracts iron or materials containing iron |
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| the parts of a magnet where the magnetic effects are strongest |
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| the region around a magnet in which magnetic forces can act |
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| a navigation tool in whih the arrow always points to north |
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