Term
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Definition
design program according to individual needs
recognize conditions that preclude client from safely doing Pilates
direct clients to seek medical advice as necessary
receive exercise guidelines/clearance when appropriate document progress and cooperate with referring MD promote exercise to improve health
request permission to touch clients
use appropriate touch to facilitate movement |
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Term
| Outside Scope of Practice |
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Definition
prescribing
diagnosing
training client with condition beyond your knowledge
claiming to treat/rehabilitate
measuring with instrumentation progress of clients
counseling
offering services beyond your credentials
inappropriate touch
training clients with certain conditions (dizziness, etc.) |
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Term
| Guiding Pilates Principles |
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Definition
Whole Body Health
Whole Body Commitment
Breath |
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Term
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Definition
Whole Body Movement
Breathing
Balanced Muscle Development
Concentration
Control
Centering
Breathing
Rhythm |
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Term
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Definition
| How the body is organized to move |
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Term
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Definition
Coordination
Strength
Mobility
Efficient Movement
Flowing Movement
Proper Posture
Mental and Spiritual Rejuvenation
Self Awareness
Self Confidence
Restoration of natural animal movement
Integration of mind, body and spirit
Sense of Well-Being
Enhanced Quality of Life |
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Term
| Physiology and Structure of Bones |
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Definition
| Calcified connective tissue consisting of Osteocytes in a matrix of ground substance and collagen fibers |
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Term
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Definition
Long Bones
Short Bones
Flat Bones
Irregular Bones
Sesamoid Bones |
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Term
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Definition
| Longer than they are wide |
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Term
| Bones that are Long Bones |
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Definition
Clavicle
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Metacarpals
Phalanges |
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Term
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Definition
| Wider than they are long, often shaped as cubes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Ribs
Sternum
Scapulae
Bones in the vault of the skull |
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Term
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Definition
| Bones of mixed shape such as bones in the skull, vertabrae and pelvic bones |
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Term
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Definition
| Imbedded in certain tendons and work to reduce friction or pressure on tendons, protecting from exessive wear |
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Term
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Definition
Moveable
Non-moveable
Synovial
Ball and Socket
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle |
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Term
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Definition
| also known as synovial and diathroidal |
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Term
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Definition
| Joined by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| freely moveable joint containing a fluid filled cavity between the bones |
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Term
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Definition
| The ball shaped surface of one rounded bone fits into the concave depression of the other bone. Allows movement in all directions |
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Term
| Two Ball and Socket Joints |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Include a process where one bone fits into a ring structure on another, rotational movement, where the atlas meets the axis |
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Term
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Definition
| Both surfaces are essentially flat, limited movement |
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Term
| Two sets of Sliding/Gliding Joints |
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Definition
Ribs & Vertabrae
Scapula & Clavicle |
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Term
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Definition
| Oval-shaped process of one bone fits into the elliptical cavity of another, movement in two planes (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction), wrist or atlas/occiput |
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Term
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Definition
| Both surfaces are saddle shaped, movement in two planes, thumb joint |
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Term
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Definition
| Gross movements of bones at joints, flexion, extension, abduction, adduction |
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Term
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Definition
| Small movements between joint surfaces, distraction, compression, sliding, gliding, rolling or spinning of joint surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
| Accompanies active motion but is not voluntary |
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Term
| Examples of Component Motion |
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Definition
Upward rotation of scapula, clavicle rotation that occurs with shoulder flextion
Rotation of the fibula that occurs with ankle rotation |
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Term
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Definition
| 24 vertabrae, sacrum & coccyx seperated by discs and cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| Cylindrical shaped bones in which the flattened to top and bottom surfaces interface with the intervertebral discs |
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Term
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Definition
Located between the Head and Thorax
C1 - C7 |
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Term
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Definition
| Atlas, acts as washer between skull and C2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Axis, had vertical projection called the dens that increased stability of the upper cervical spine |
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Term
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Definition
Located in the thorax
T1 to T12
Larger than cervical vertabrae, oriented towards flexion and ariculate with ribs |
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Term
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Definition
Located between the thorax and the pelvic
L1 to L5
Largest of vertebral bones, oriented toward extension
Support the weight of the upper body
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Term
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Definition
Triangle shaped bone at the base of the spine
Five seperate bones that fuse before birth
Provides a promontary to support the lumbar spine |
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Term
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Definition
| Several small fused bones located at the bottom of the sacrum, the tailbone |
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Term
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Definition
| Ring of bones that support the spine and abdominal contents |
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Term
| Bones that make up the Pelvis |
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Definition
Sacrum
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Coccyx |
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Term
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Definition
| Long, flat bone where the front portion of the ribs connect in front of the heart and lungs, breast bone |
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Term
| Three parts of the Sternum |
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Definition
Manubrium
Sternum
Xiphoid Process |
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Term
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Definition
| 12 sets of curved bones that surround the thoracic cavety, connected from the sternum to the thoracic vertabrae. Ribs 11 and 12 are floating and only attached to the thoracic vertabrae, not to the sternum. |
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Term
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Definition
| Collarbone, connects the scapla to the sternum. Hold the shoulder in place during arm movement. |
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Term
| Two Joints of the Clavicle |
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Definition
Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular |
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Term
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Definition
| Flat, triangular shapped bone located on the upper back ribcage, provides attachment for the humerus (upper arm bone). |
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Term
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Definition
Subscapular Fossa - front
Spine - prominent edge of the back surface
Acromion Process - joins with the scapula to form the acrominoclacicular joint
Coracoid Process - projection from the front top
Glenoid Cavity - oval depression on the lateral scapula, forming the proximal surface of the glenohumeral joint |
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Term
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Definition
| Longest, heaviest bone in the body. Smooth round head articulates with the acetabalum to form the hip joint. |
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Term
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Definition
| Upper, lateral process of the top end of the femur |
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Term
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Definition
| Lower, medial process fo the top end of the femur |
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Term
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Definition
| Medial and lateral rounded shapes at the end of the femur that articulate with the tibia (large bone in lower leg) |
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Term
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Definition
| Sesamoid bone, provides attachment for the quadriceps that fit into the grove between the two condules of the femur |
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Term
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Definition
| Large bone in the lower leg. The proximal end articulates with the femur and distal end articulates with the talus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rounded bump at the distal end of the tibia |
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Term
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Definition
| Small bone in lower leg, articulates with the tibia but not the femur. |
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Term
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Definition
| The rounded bump at the lateral, distal end of the ankle |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| five irregular shaped bones the navicular, cuneiforms 1, 2 and 3, and the cuboid |
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Term
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Definition
| Five metatarsarsals and 14 phalanges |
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Term
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Definition
| 5 large bones connecting the three cuneiforms and cuboid to the phalanges |
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Term
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Definition
| 14 small long bones that form the toes, two in the big toe, three in the other four toes |
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Term
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Definition
| Upper arm bone, the top is the ball of the shoulder ball and socket joint |
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Term
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Definition
| Smaller of the two forearm bones, rotates around the ulna |
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Term
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Definition
| Larger of the two forearm bones, is fixed |
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Term
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Definition
| 8 irregular shaped bones of the wrist --- scaphod, lunae, triquetrum, trapezium, trapezoid, pisiform, hamate and capitate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 5 long bones between the carpals and the phalanges of the palm |
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Term
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Definition
| 14 long bones that form the fingers, two in the thumb, three in the other four |
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Term
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Definition
Anterior Superior Illia Spine
Projection of the ilium at the front of the pelvis
Top of the hip bone |
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Term
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Definition
Posterior Superior Iliac Spine
Projection of the ilium at the back of the pelvis |
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Term
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Definition
| Outward and upward flaring ridge of the pelvis |
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Term
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Definition
Sitz Bones
The lower rounded surface of the pelvis that provide muscular attachment and weith bearing in sitting.
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Term
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Definition
Pubic Bone
Lower front portion of the pelvic bones connected by a cartiliaginous disc. |
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Term
| Spinous Process of the Spine |
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Definition
| Long posterior projection from each vertabrae providing the site for muscular attachment |
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Term
| Transfer Processes of the Spine |
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Definition
| Flaps of bone projecting from the sides of the vertabrae providing sites for muscular attachment |
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Term
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Definition
| Point of the scapula that joins with the clavicle |
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Term
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Definition
| Projectiong from the front top portion of the scapula |
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Term
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Definition
| Oval concave surface ont he scapula that joins ith the humerus |
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Term
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Definition
| Back projection of the scapula |
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Term
| Inferior Angle of the Scapula |
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Definition
| Bottom point of the scapula |
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Term
| Superior Edge of the Scapula |
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Definition
| Top, medial point of the scapula |
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Term
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Definition
| Unites synchondoses or primary cartiledge such as manubrium and the sternum |
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Term
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Definition
| Joins symphysis or secondary cartilage by a plate such as the union of the bondies of the vertabrae or the right and left pubis |
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Term
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Definition
| Joins symphysis or secondary cartilage by a plate such as the union of the bondies of the vertabrae or the right and left pubis |
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Term
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Definition
| Joins symphysis or secondary cartilage by a plate such as the union of the bondies of the vertabrae or the right and left pubis |
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Term
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Definition
| Tubular sacs wrapped around tendons that occur where tendons pass under ligaments and retinaculs. Faciltate movement by limiting friction |
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Term
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Definition
| Flattened, fluid filled sace encased by a synovial membrame that facilitates movement by limitng friction |
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Term
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Definition
| Dense bundles of parallel collagen fibers that hold two bones together, providing strength and stability to a joint |
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Term
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Definition
| Extensions of a msucle into a long fibrous cord that blends into the perosteum of a bone, connecting muscle to bone |
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Term
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Definition
| Loose connective tissue between the dermis and the deep facia |
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Term
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Definition
| Sheet of collagenous fibrous tissue that surrounds and supports muscles, blood vessels and nerves. Serves to bind some structures together or allow other surfaces to glide smoothly against each other. Provide origins and insertions for muscles, tendons and fibrous sheaths. |
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Term
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Definition
| a muscle that produces a given movement |
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Term
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Definition
| a muscle that produces the opposite movement |
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Term
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Definition
| muscles that work together to produce the smae movement |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle generates constant force and shortens |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle generates increased force without changing length |
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Term
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Definition
| overall shortening of the muscle that occurs as it generates tension and contracts against resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| lengenthening of the muscle that occurs as it develops tension and contracts to control motion against resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| site of muscle attachment, the larger and more proximal of the two sites of attachment |
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Term
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Definition
| Site of muscle attachment, often the smaller and more distal site of the two sites of attachment |
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Term
| Muscles of Respiration (Breathting) |
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Definition
Diaphragm
Intercostals
Scalenes
Levator Costarum
Transversus Abdominus |
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Term
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Definition
Attaches to lower ribs and upper lumbar vertabrae
Primary muscle of respiration (breathing) |
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Term
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Definition
External, internal and innermost
Between adjacent ribs
Expand the ribcage on inhalation
Contract the ribcage on exhalation |
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Term
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Definition
| originates C7 - T11, assist in rib elevation |
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Term
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Definition
| Deepest of abdominal muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| Provides support for the pelvic organs, maintains continence and contributs to control intra-abdominal pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| Produce spinal extension, side bending and rotation |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces lumbar extension and side bending, elevation of the pelvis and stabilization of the 12 rib during forced expiration |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces spinal extension, side bending and rotation |
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Term
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Definition
| Upper fibers produce cervical extension, scapular elevation and upward rotations. Middle fibers produce scapular retraction and lower fibers produce scapular depression and assist with upward rotation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces scapular retraction, elevation and downward rotation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces scapular retraction, elevation and downward rotation, the same as the major. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces spinal flexion and compression of the abdominal contents |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces spinal flexion, side bending, contra rotation and compression of the abdominal contents |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces spinal flexion, side bending, contral rotation and compression of the abdominal contents. |
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Term
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Definition
| Flexes and externally rotates the femur. Unilateral contraction can produce side bending of the spine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces hip joint flexion, in a closed chain flexes the pelvis or trunk |
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Term
| Rectus Captious Posterior Major |
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Definition
| Bilateral produces cervical extension, unilaterally produces ipsilateral rotation |
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Term
| Rectus Captious Posterior Minor |
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Definition
| serves as connective tissue bridge to the spinal dura and helps protect the dura, contributes to increase proprioception and balance, products cervical extension |
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Term
| Obliques Capitus Superior |
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Definition
| Bilaterally produces cervical extension, unilaterally produces ipsilateral side bending |
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Term
| Obliques Capitus Inferior |
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Definition
| Produces ipsilateral rotation |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces cervical flexion and assists in cervical rotation |
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Term
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Definition
| Unilaterally acts to side bend and rotate the cervical spine, ipsilateral, bilaterally acts to flex the cervical spine, elevate the sternum and assist in forced inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
| Stabilizes the scapula, performs scapular protraction and assists with upward rotation of the scapula |
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Term
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Definition
| Elevates, adducts and upwardly rotates the scapula and extends the cervical spine |
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Term
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Definition
| Flexes, adducts and medially rotates the humerus |
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Term
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Definition
| Stabilizes the scapula against the thoracic wall |
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Term
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Definition
| Abducts the arm, flexes, extends and medially and laterally rotates the humerus |
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Term
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Definition
| Elevates and assists in the downward rotation of the scapula |
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Term
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Definition
| Extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus and draws the shoulder inferiorly |
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Term
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Definition
| Flexes and adducts the humerus |
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Term
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Definition
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Laterally rotates the humerus |
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Term
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Definition
| Laterally rotates and adducts the humerus |
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Term
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Definition
| Medially rotates the humerus |
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Term
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Definition
| Flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm |
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Term
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Definition
| Extends the elbow and the long head assists with shoulder extension |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pronates the forearm and flexes the elbow |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Longus and Brevis extend and abduct the wrist |
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Term
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Definition
| Extend and adducts the wrist |
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Term
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Definition
| Flexes and abducts the wrist |
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Term
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Definition
| Extends the wrist and fingers |
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Term
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Definition
| Flexes and extends the fingers |
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Term
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Definition
| Flex the MCP joints and extends the fingers |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Abducts and extends the thumb |
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Term
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Definition
| outside of leg ASIS to ITB, produces abduction, flexion and medial rotation of the thigh, tightens the ITB, stabilizes the pelvis and braces the knee particularly when the opposite leg is lifted |
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Term
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Definition
| Iliac crest to the tibia and fibula, provides attachment for the gluteus maximus and TFL, extends, abducts and latererally rotates the hip, acts to stabilize the knee |
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Term
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Definition
| ASIS to tibia, produces femoral flexion, lateral rotation and abduction and knee flexion |
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Term
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Definition
| One of quadricep muscles, ASIS to patella, flexes the hip and extends the knee |
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Term
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Definition
| Externally rotates and extends the hip, stabilizes the knee by tensioning the ITB |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces hip extension, knee flexion and lateral rotation of the tibia if the knee is flexed |
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Term
| Biceps Femoris Short Head |
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Definition
| Produces knee flexion and lateral rotation of the tibia if the knee is flexed |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces hip extension, knee flexion and tibia rotation if the knee is flexed |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces hip extension, knee flexion and tibia rotation if the knee is flexed |
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Term
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Definition
| Originates at sacrum inserts at greater trochanter, externally rotates the hip and horizontally abducts the hip when flexed |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces hip abduction, anterior fibers internally rotate the hip and posterior fibers externally rotate the hip |
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Term
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Definition
| Originates at inner pelvis and inserts at the greater trochanter, externally rotates the hip |
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Term
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Definition
| Originates at outer pelvis and inserts at the trochanter, externally rotates the hip |
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Term
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Definition
| Originates at the upper sitz bones and inserts at the greater trochanter, externally rotates the hip and assists with hip abduction when the hip is flexed |
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Term
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Definition
| Original from the outside of the sitz bones and inserts at the greater trochanter, externally rotates the hip and assists with hip abduction when the hip is flexed |
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Term
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Definition
| Originates frat he outside of the sitz bones and inserts at the greater trochanter, externally rotates the hip and assists with hip abduction |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces hip abduction and anterior fibers internally rotate the hip |
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Term
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Definition
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