Term
|
Definition
Scientists who study the Earth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The thin (5-40 km), rocky outermost layer of Earth's surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wave of energy generated at the focus of an earthquake that travels through earth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lies below the crust and is the thickest (3,000km) layer of Earth's interior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The plastic-like layer found in the upper mantle, and it lies 100km to 250km below the surface. Also, plates of the lithosphere float on top of this layer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The brittle and rigid, outer layer of Earth formed of the crust and upper part of the mantle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The movement of thermal energy (heat) in a fluid. Convection currents inside Earth help drive plate motion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The idea that continents are moving very slow, parallel to Earth's surface. The hypothesis was supported by the find of rock structures and fossils. -is an idea that suggested the continents fit together like a puzzle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
One big landmass, ancient supercontinent that began breaking up about 200 million year ago. Pangaea means "all land". |
|
|
Term
Evidence for Continental Drift |
|
Definition
1. Shape of continents 2. fossils 3. Mountain ranges and rock types 4. Climate data Be prepared to write a paragraph about this! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Long mountain range in the middle of the seafloor where new oceanic crust forms, and has the youngest rocks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lava flows through the cracks along the mid-ocean ridge,cools, and forms new seafloor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Process by which new seafloor is made (molten material beneath Earth's crust rises to the surface)and then moves sideways away from mid-ocean ridges (176) -Explains how new rocks are formed in the ocean. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large brittle pieces of Earth's outer shell. |
|
|
Term
| Divergent Plate Boundaries |
|
Definition
| Boundary where two lithospheric plates are moving apart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Occurs when two continental plates are being pulled apart. |
|
|
Term
Convergent Plate Boundaries |
|
Definition
| Form when two lithospheric plates move toward each other. |
|
|
Term
| Transform Plate Boundaries |
|
Definition
| Exists when two plates slide horizontally past one another. An example of this is San Andreas Fault in California. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cooler,denser lithospheric plates that sink down into the mantle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gravity pulls on the slab of rock being subducted which then pulls the rest of the plate along with it. Important in controlling the movement of lithospheric plates. (page 190) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Innermost layer of the Earth. Extremly high pressure cause the metal to be in the solid state. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Located between the mantle and the inner core. Made of molten (liquid) metal. Has convection currents. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| States that the plates of the lithosphere are in constant, slow motion, driven by convection currents and slab pull. |
|
|
