Term
| For the first 15 seconds of activity skeletal muscle can phosphorylate ___ with ___ ___ creating ___ and ____. This does/does not require oxygen. |
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Definition
- ADP
- creatine phosphate
- ATP
- creatine
- does not |
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Term
| once you've been working out really hard, and there is not any oxygen availabe, ___ can be broken down into ___ which then goes through ___ which makes ____ ___, and ___ ___ which gets converted into __ ___ which makes your muscles sore. |
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Definition
NO OXYGEN
- glycogen
- glucose
- glycolysis
- 2 ATP
- pyruvic acid
- lactic acid
- can work for 30 - 60 seconds |
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Term
| With aerobic respiration, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and the electron transport chain all occur, which produces __ ___ per glucose, ___, and ___. this can go on for hours. |
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Definition
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Term
| when lactic acid builds up ___ gets shut down> muscle fatigue |
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Definition
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Term
| White fast twitch muscles have less ___ so are more prone to ____ mechanism where only ___ provides ATP. |
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Definition
- mitochondria
- anaerobic
- glycolyis > 2 ATP |
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Term
| Red slow twitch muscles have more ___ and thus perform ____ ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| ATP hydrolysis can make ___ muscle twitches. CP can producing ATP can make ___ muscle twitches. Anaerobic respiration can make ___ muscle twithces. Aerobic muscle twitches can make __ muscle twitches. |
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Definition
- ATP> 10
- CP>70
- Anaerobic> 670
- Aerobic> 12000 |
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Term
| for surge of power activities like weight lifting, diving, and sprinting, what energy source would you use? |
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Definition
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Term
| For on and off burst like activities like tennis, 100 m swim, and soccer you would use: |
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Definition
| - anaerobic respiration> bulid up of lactic acid |
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Term
| for prolonged endurance activities like marathons and jogging and you would use: |
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Definition
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Term
| Anaerobic glycolysis kicks in when muscle contractily reaches ___% of maximum. When this happens what else is going on? |
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Definition
70%
- buldging muscles are compressing blood vessels
- oxygen delivery is impaired
- pyruvic acid > lactic acid> bloodstream> used by liver, kidney, and heart as energy> is converted back into pyruvic acid by liver |
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Term
| what are the 3 categories of muscle fiber types? |
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Definition
- Slow Oxidative (red)
- Fast Oxidative-Glycolytic (intermediate, red)
- Fast Glycolytic (fast, white) |
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Term
| Slow oxidative red muscle has ___ myosin ATPase, slow ___ pumps, but more ___ and more ____. |
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Definition
- slow myosin atpase
- slow calcium pumps
- more mitochondrai
- more myoglobin |
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Term
| slow oxidative red think red b/c more mitochondria and more myoglobin |
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Definition
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Term
| Fast glycolytic muscle fibers have more/less mitochondria and what color are they? |
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Definition
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Term
| what fibers are recruited first, what fibers are recruited last? |
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Definition
- Slow oxidative red fibers are recruited first
- Fast glycolytic red fibers are recruited last |
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Term
| what type of muscle fiber has most glycogen storage? the least? |
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Definition
- Fast glycolytic white has most glycogen stores
- Slow oxidative red has least glycogen stores
- |
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Term
| which type of fiber could be considered fatigue resistant? |
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Definition
| - Slow oxidative red fibers |
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Term
| what type of fibers have the most capillaires? the least? |
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Definition
- most: Slow oxidative red
- least: Fast glycolytic white |
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Term
| define Type I, Type IIA, Type IIB: |
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Definition
Type I: Slow oxidative red
Type IIA: Fast oxidative glycolytic pinnk
Type IIB: Fast glycolytic |
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Term
| how can you increase force of contraction? |
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Definition
| - stimulate more motor units |
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Term
| force of muscle contraction is affected by: |
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Definition
- number of muscle fibers contracting
- frequency of nerve stimulation
- relative size of muscle fiber (bigger fiber= greater force of contraction)
- degree of muscle stretch- muscles contract at their strongest when 80-120% of resting length |
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Term
| muscles contract at their strongest when they are how long? |
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Definition
| 80% to 120% their normal resting length |
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Term
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Definition
| Tension measured in muscle in relaxed state (not activated by nerve, no crossbridge cycling) – due to preload stretch of series and connective elastic elements |
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Term
| the more you stretch, the more force you generate b/c: |
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Definition
| -you get more overlap b/w thick and thin filaments |
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Term
| but if you overstretch there is not enough overlap so you get less active tension |
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Definition
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Term
| optimum length of sarcomre is 2.2 microns |
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Definition
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Term
| the optimal length of muscle being 80 to 120% of its resting lenght is maintained in vivo by how muscles are attached to bones. |
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Definition
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Term
| you cannot contract shortly after strongly contracting b/c there is too much overlap still b/w the thick and thin filaments and the sarcomere is still too squished together. In this case the Z discs abut the thick filaments and thin filaments touch and interfere with each other. |
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Definition
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Term
| when we lift a weight, ___ ___ determines how many muscle fibers need to be stimulated for that load. when we try and lift something huge, we over power this and stimulate all fibers at once. |
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Definition
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Term
| A fast sprinter is genetically predisopsed to be a faster runner b/c he was born with more of what kind of fibers? |
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Definition
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Term
| velocity of muscle contraction is controlled by what fibers? Duration of contraction is controlled by what fibers? |
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Definition
- velocity- fast glycolytic white
- duration- slow oxidative red |
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Term
| look at slide 111 and 112 on skeletal muscle lecture and memorize |
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Definition
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