Term
| Process of spirometry test |
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Definition
breath normally into a small mouthpiece connected to a small radius tube inhale as much air as you can now blow all that air how as fast as you can causes floating drum to move
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Term
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Definition
| amount of air in the lung after a maximal inhalation |
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Term
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Definition
total amount of air that we are able to move out of the lung (this excludes residual volume) |
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Term
| Define forced vital capacity |
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Definition
| volume of air that can be forcibly expired after maximal inspiration to fill the lungs as much as possible |
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Term
| If airway resistance is normal, how long does it take to get the entire FVC? |
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Definition
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Term
Define maximum mid-expiratory flow rate/FEF25-75 |
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Definition
| forced expiratory flow over the middle half of FVC |
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Term
| Define Peak Expiratory flow rate/FEF max |
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Definition
| the highest expiratory flow achieved |
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Term
| Define functional residual capacity |
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Definition
| amount of air left in lung after a normal exhalation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
exchange of air btw a normal exhalation/inhalation cycle |
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Term
General cause of airway obstruction |
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Definition
| airway resistance is higher than normal (airway narrowed) |
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Term
| Examples of obstructive disease |
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Definition
asthma chronic obstructive bronchitis bonchiectasis emphysema |
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Term
| Which of the diagnostic values in spirometry is thought to be influenced mainly by obstructive disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define restrictive disease |
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Definition
| lung volumes are affected by change in elastic recoil forces on either lung or chest wall |
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Term
| Effect of restrictive disease on diagnostic values |
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Definition
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Term
| Examples of restrictive disease |
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Definition
fibrosis- increase recoil, so smaller resting lung size kyphoscholiosis- increase recoil, so smaller resting size pleural effusion- compress lung, so smaller resting size
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Term
| Variables that are considerin when thinking if somebody when looking at lung size |
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Definition
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Term
| Effect of obstructive disease on all diagnostic values |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does obstruction not usually affect inspiration? |
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Definition
the airway is pulled open during inspiration, so those resistance values decrease |
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Term
| What makes for maximal exhalation of volume? |
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Definition
| driving pressure is maximal and airway resistance is minimal |
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Term
| Effect of obstructive disease on flow volume loops |
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Definition
| the graph is concave due to reduced flow |
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Term
| Effect of restrictive disease on flow volume loops |
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Definition
| significantly reduced lung volumes, especially vital capacity (more narrow shape curve) |
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Term
| What mechanical lung property determines the resing lung size |
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Definition
| elastic recoil forces of lung and chest wall |
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Term
| Define inspiratory reserve volume |
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Definition
| volume of air inspired above TV (max inhalation volume-tidal volume inhalation) |
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Term
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Definition
| combinations of more than one basic lung volume |
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Term
| Define expiratory reserve volume |
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Definition
volume of air expired below TV |
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Term
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Definition
amount of air trapped within lung |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Equation for vital capacity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What volumes and capacities cannot be measured by spirometry |
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Definition
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Term
| Method used to measure FRC |
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Definition
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Term
| What differentiate asthma from emphysema? |
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Definition
asthma- normal TLC emphysema- increase TLC
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Term
| Different types of obstructive diseases |
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Definition
upper airway disease peripheral airway disease pulmonary parenchymal disease |
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Term
| Examples of peripheral airway disease |
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Definition
asthma chronic bronchitis bronchiectasis cystic fibrosis |
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Term
| Example of pulmonary parenchymal disease |
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Definition
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Term
| Example different causes of restrictive lung disease |
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Definition
neurological loss of muscle control chest wall disease interstitial lung disease pleural disease space occupying intrathoracic lesion extra-thoracic conditions
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Term
| Why can a low ERV be caused by being overweight? |
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Definition
active exhalation requires stomach muscles (accessory muscles) if you have stomach fat, it is more difficult because you lack stomach muscles
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Term
| What characteristics reduce DLCO |
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Definition
increase thickness decrease surface area |
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