• delivery of nutrients and oxygen
• remove wastes
• temperature regulation
• buffer body fluid
• immune defense
• hormone transport
• antioxidant defense

diffusion

convection

Method of arrangement of organ's specific vascular bed

vascular beds arranged in parallel, and this allows for better control depending on the needs of each organ (ex: if GI needs more blood or less blood, it can adjust)

bv's arranged in circuits

large arteries have the highest mean length

capillaries have the smallest mean legnth

large veins go back to having high mean length

smallest in large arteries

largest in capillaries

small again in large veins

CO= HR x SR

CO= MAP/Total peripheral resistance

• largest at aorta
• greatest decrease btw small arteries and arterioles (major pt of regulation)
• lowest at the veins
• pulsations of large arteries can be higher than in the aorta

due to pumping action of heart

• function- pressure storers
• structure
  • high elastin content, allowing for capacity to store pressure and elastic recoil
  • thick walls cause low compliance

• function- resistance vessels
• structure
  • walls with circular smooth muscle
  • innervated
  • exhibit stock pilling

small arteries- 60-90 mmHg

arterioles- 40-60 mmHg

• function- exchange vessels
• structure
  • tiny with thin walls
    • walls made of single layer of endothelial cells
  • in normal conditions, 25% are open
  • regulation via pre capillary sphincters that respond to local or circulating vasoactive factors
  • fenestrations whose size determine hydraulic conductivity

• function- volume storarge
• structure
  • thin walls (high compliance)
  • little elastin or smooth muscle (low pressure)

Define stressed volume

Q = (ΠΔPr^4)/8ηL

R =ηL/r^4

• vessels are stretchable
• vessels are leaky
• viscosity is not constant
• flow is not laminar

minimal pressure for blood flow to occur

constriction will increase critical pressure

dilation will decrease critical pressure

• not enough P in vascular bed
• bv's compress via adrenergic stimulation in an attempt to increase critical pressure

hematocrit (increase leads to increase viscocity)

radius (decrease leads to decrease viscocity)

velocity (decrase lead to increase viscocity)

nonlinear viscocity

high protein concentration in plasma

axial streaming of large particle

ability to coagulate

Two types of blood flow

laminar

turbulent

anemia

stenosis of valve

constriction of artery

pressure cuff

• streamlined
• outer most layer moves slowest while center moves fastest

• relationships between flow and pressure no longer linear
• rate of flow exxceed critical velocity
• caused by passing over sharp turn, rough surface

Equation of reynolds ratio

T = Ptrr/μ

Explain Fahreaeus Lindquist effect