Term
| Prostaglandins, prostacyclins, and thromboxanes are ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________ and ____________ can be synthesized from dietary essential fatty acids. |
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Definition
| prostanoids, leukotrienes |
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Term
| _________ can be formed from linoleate or alpha-linolenate in most mammals. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ is a dietary essential fatty acid in the cat family. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three precursors to eicosanoids? |
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Definition
1. linoleic acid
2. alpha-linolenic acid
3. arachidonic acid |
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Term
| Prostaglandins and prostacyclins are characterized by the presence of a _______________. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Eicosanoids affect the whole body. |
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Definition
| False: eicosanoids function as local hormones without modifying the body as a whole. |
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|
Term
True or False:
Eicosanoids are produced locally. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Eicosanoids are destroyed locally. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Eicosanoids are released from cell membrane phospholipids by the action of the enzyme ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Stimuli that increase phospholipase A2 activity include: |
|
Definition
| thrombin, immunoglobulins, physical trauma, microbial products, angiotensin II, and epinephrine |
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Term
| Phospholipase A2 leads to the production of _______________. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ____________ is the precursor of prostanoids and leukotrienes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Phospholipase C can produce arachidonic acid. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| __________ stimulate the production of lipocortin. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Lipocortin inhibits ______________. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| If phospholipase A2 is stimulated, __________ is produced. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two pathways in which arachidonic acid can be metabolized? |
|
Definition
1. cyclooxegynase pathway
2. lipoxygenase pathway |
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Term
| The cyclooxygenase pathway produces ____________, ____________, and _____________. |
|
Definition
| prostaglandins, prostacyclins, thromboxanes |
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|
Term
| The lipoxygenase pathway produces ___________. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
When you give glucocorticoids, you inhibit both lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenases. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
When you give NSAIDs, you block both lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenases. |
|
Definition
| False: NSAIDs only block cyclooxygenases |
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Term
| ______ of the stomach produces prostaglandins that regulate the secretion of gastric mucin, ensuring the natural mucus lining that protects the inner stomach. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ______ is responsible for prostaglandins that mediate inflammation, pain, and fever. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| ____________ are inhibited by aspirin and other NSAIDs. |
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Definition
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Term
| In order to inhibit pain, fever, and inflammation without inflicting damage to the gastric mucosa, only ______ should be inhibited. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ________ and ________ are drugs that only affect COX-2. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _________ have effects on smooth muscle, causing contraction or relaxation. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| __________ may be used to incude abortions, synchronize estrus, induce partruition, and treat endometritis or pyometra. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| PGE2 is clinically important because there are PGE2 analogs that are used to treat animals with _____________. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| PGE2 analogs inhibit ________ secretion and increase ________ secretion. |
|
Definition
| gastric acid, gastric mucus |
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Term
| _________ are responsible for bronchodilation, vasodilation, uterine muscle contraction, hyperalgesia, inhibition of gastric acid secretion, increase of gastric mucus secretion, and mediation of fever. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ________ is responsible for bronchoconstriction and inhibition of platelet aggregation. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ________ is responsible for contraction of uterine muscle and bronchoconstriction. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ______ is responsible for vasodilation and inhibition of platelet aggregation. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| __________ are synthesized in platelets and are released when platelets are lysed. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _____ causes platelet aggregation and intense vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ____ is produced in blood vessels and opposes thromboxane functions under normal conditions. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| NSAIDs inhibit thromboxane production and cause bleeding because _____________. |
|
Definition
| platelets cannot aggregate as easily. |
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|
Term
| ________ irreversibly acetylates a serine residue on COX, resulting in the complete loss of COX activity; activity is lost for the duration of the life of the platelet (7-10 days) |
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Definition
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