Term
| How many adults get regular leisure time physical activity? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Located in Pancreas
Secrete Glucagon |
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Term
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Definition
Located in Pancreas
Secrete Insulin |
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Term
| Insulin is secreted by... |
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Definition
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Term
| Glucagon is secreted by... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Insulin dominates over Glucagon |
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Term
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Definition
| Glucagon dominates over Insulin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| GLUT 2 Receptors are located in... |
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Definition
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Term
| GLUT 4 Receptors are located in... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Plasma Glucose cannot enter cells |
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Term
| What happens when plasma glucose is increased? |
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Definition
Glucose is absorbed through Beta Cells in Small Intestine
Calcium Absorption signals insulin exocytosis |
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Term
| What happens when plasma Amino Acid concentration increases? |
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Definition
| Insulin secretion is triggered |
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Term
| Gastric Inhibitory Peptide is secreted by... |
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Definition
| The Gastrointestinal Tract |
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Term
| Parasympathetic signals (insulin, glucagon) release? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sympathetic signals (insulin, glucagon) release? |
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Definition
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Term
| Plasma glucose increase blocks (Alpha, Beta) cells and stimulates (Alpha, Beta) cells? |
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Definition
| Blocks Alpha, Stimulates Beta |
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Term
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Definition
| Glycolysis, lipogenesis, protein synthesis, glucose uptake, food protein use |
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Term
| Major neurohormone groups include... |
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Definition
| Catecholamines, Anterior Pituitary Hormones, Posterior Pituitary Hormones |
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Term
| Adrenal medulla secretes... |
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Definition
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Term
| Hypothalamus activates... |
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Definition
| Anterior and Posterior Pituitary |
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Term
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Definition
| Connects pituitary gland to brain |
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Term
| Posterior pituitary gland secretes... |
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Definition
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Term
| Steps of posterior pituitary hormone release... |
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Definition
1) Hormone synthesized and packaged in Hypothalamus
2) Hormone transported through Hypothalamic-Hypophyseal Portal System
3) Hormones stored in posterior pituitary gland
4) Hormones released into blood |
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Term
| Levels of Endocrine Control |
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Definition
Hypothalamic stimulation from CNS
Pituitary Stimulation from Hypothalamic Trophic Hormone
Endocrine stimulation from Pituitary Trophic Hormone |
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Term
| Endocrine glands controlled by... |
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Definition
| Pituitary Trophic Hormones |
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Term
| Pituitary glands controlled by... |
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Definition
| Hypothalamic Trophic Hormones |
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Term
| Hypothalamus controlled by... |
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Definition
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Term
| Types of Negative Feedback include... |
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Definition
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Term
| Requirements for hormone classification include... |
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Definition
Secretion Site
Secretion Stimulus
Metabolic or Physiological Response |
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Term
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Definition
Secreted by Adrenal Glands
Acts in hepatocytes, lipocytes, muscle cells
Stimulated by Stress or Exercise
Stimulates glycogenolysis and lipolysis |
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Term
| Catecholamines include... |
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Definition
| Epinephrine and Norepinephrine |
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Term
| Cortisol is secreted by... |
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Definition
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Term
| Cortisol is stimulated by... |
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Definition
| Stress and Circadian Rhythms |
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Term
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Definition
| Gluconeogenesis, Protein Degradation, and Lipolysis |
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Term
| Peptide Hormone have (short, long) half lives? |
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Definition
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Term
| Peptide hormones (do, do not) need a carrier proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Peptide hormones are (hydrophobic, hydrophillic) and (lipophobic, lipophyllic)? |
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Definition
| Hydrophyllic and Lipophobic |
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Term
| Peptide hormones (do, do not) require an extracellular receptor? |
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Definition
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Term
| Peptide hormones (can, can not) pass through a cell membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| Zona reticularis secretes... |
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Definition
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Term
| Zona fasciculata secretes... |
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Definition
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Term
| Zona glomerulosa secretes... |
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Definition
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Term
| Steps in the cortisol secretion pathway include... |
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Definition
1) Hypothalamus secretes CRH into Anterior Pituitary
2) Anterior Pituitary secretes ACTH to Adrenal Cortex
3)Adrenal Cortex secretes Cortisol
4)Cortisol inhibits CRH and ACTH secretion |
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Term
| Cortisol (inhibits, stimulates) the immune system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hypercortisolism is caused by... |
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Definition
| Adrenal and/or Pituitary Tumors |
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Term
| The CRH family is linked to... |
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Definition
| Anxiety, Depression, and Mood Disorders |
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Term
| CRH (increases, decreases) food intake? |
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Definition
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Term
| Thyroid gland is located... |
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Definition
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Term
| Thyroid hormones are made from... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, lipolysis, beta oxidation, protein degradation |
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Term
| Thyroid hormones (do, do not) require a carrier protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| Thyroid hormone regulates... |
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Definition
| Metabolic Rate and Heat Production |
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Term
| Thyroid hormone is required for... |
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Definition
| Protein Synthesis and Normal Growth/Development |
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Term
| Hyperthyroidism is caused by too (much, little) of the hormone (T3, T4)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Too much T3 hormone causes... |
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Definition
| High resting metabolic rates, Heat intolerance, and Increased heart rates |
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Term
| Too little T3 hormone causes... |
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Definition
| Low resting metabolic rate and oxygen production, cold intolerance, decreases in protein synthesis, low heart rate |
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Term
| Goiters can occur in (hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hypothyroidism is caused by too (much, little) of the hormone (T3, T4)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Growth hormone is secreted by... |
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Definition
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Term
| Growth hormone is stimulated by... |
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Definition
| Sleep, Exercise, and/or Stress |
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Term
| The Metabolic/Physiological response to Growth Hormone includes... |
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Definition
| Growth/Development regulation and Protein Synthesis stimulation |
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Term
| Growth hormone deficiency causes... |
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Definition
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Term
| Growth hormone oversecretion causes... |
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Definition
Giantism in children
Acromegaly in adults |
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Term
| Endocrine reflex pathway includes... |
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Definition
1) Stimulus
2) Afferent Signal
3) Integration
4) Efferent Signal (Hormone)
5) Metabolic/Physiological Response
6) Negative Feedback |
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Term
| In a simple reflex pathway, the response is (negative feedback, hormone synthesis)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hormones follow (one, multiple) reflex pathways? |
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Definition
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Term
| Parathyroid hormone is secreted at the... |
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Definition
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Term
| Parathyroid hormone is stimulated by... |
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Definition
| Low plasma calcium levels |
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Term
| Parathyroid hormone follows a (complex, simple) reflex pathway? |
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Definition
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Term
| When enough receptors bind to calcium, parathyroid hormone is (inhibited, stimulated)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Calcium affects the excitability of... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Glycogenolysis, Gluconeogenesis, Ketogenesis |
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Term
| Insulin (decreases, increases) glycogen synthesis, fat synthesis, and protein synthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Insulin (is, is not) a peptide hormone? |
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Definition
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Term
| Glucose is the primary fuel for (brain, muscle, other tissue)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Glycolysis is the process of glucose (utilization, synthesis)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Glycogenesis is the synthesis of (glucose, glycogen) from (glucose, glycogen)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Glycogenolysis is the production of (glycogen, glucose) from (glycogen, glucose)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Gluconeogeneis is the synthesis of ______ from ______? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lipogenesis is the synthesis of (carbohydrates, amino acids, fats) from (carbohydrates, amino acids, fats)? |
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Definition
| Fats from Carbohydrates AND Amino Acids |
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Term
| Lipolysis if the conversion of (fatty acids, fat) to (fatty acids, fat)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Type 1 Diabetes is caused by insulin (deficiency, resistance)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Type 2 Diabetes is caused by insulin (deficiency, resistance)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Impaired fasting glucose is classified as... |
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Definition
| Fasting Plasma Glucose of 100 mg/dl - 125 mg/dl |
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Term
| Impaired glucose tolerance is classified as... |
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Definition
| 2-hour Post-Meal Plasma Glucose of 140 mg/dl - 200 mg/dl |
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Term
| Normal adult body fat range is... |
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Definition
Male: 15% - 20%
Female: 25% - 30% |
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Term
| Hormones are secreted by (neurons, glands, other cells)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Neurons secrete (hormones, neurohormones, both)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cytokines are secreted by... |
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Definition
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Term
| Hormones are transported via... |
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Definition
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Term
| Hormones generate effects at very (high, low) concentrations? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hormone activity is terminated by... |
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Definition
1) Blood enzymes while bound to extracellular receptor
2) Digested by lysosomes
3) Intracellular enzymes |
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Term
| Classifications of hormones include... |
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Definition
Peptide or Protein Hormones
Steroid Hormones
Amine Hormones |
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Term
| Peptide hormones consist of... |
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Definition
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Term
| Peptide hormones are stored in... |
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Definition
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Term
| Protein hormones have (short, long) half lives? |
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Definition
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Term
| Protein hormones are (hydrophobic, hydrophillic)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lipophobic hormones (can, can not) pass through the cellular membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lipophyllic hormones (can, can not) pass though the cell membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lipophobic hormones (can, can not) travel through the blood without a carrier protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lipophyllic hormones (can, can not) travel through the blood without a carrier protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| Peptide hormones (do, do not) require a cell membrane receptor? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lipophyllic hormones (can, can not) travel through the blood without a carrier protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hydrophyllic hormones (do, do not) require a cell membrane receptor? |
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Definition
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Term
| Steroid hormones are (lipophyllic, lipophobic) and (hydrophyllic, hydrophobic)? |
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Definition
| Lipophyllic and Hydrophobic |
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Term
| Steroid hormones (do, do not) require carrier proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Steroid hormones are derived from... |
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Definition
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Term
| Amine hormones are derived from... |
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Definition
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Term
| Categories of membrane receptors include... |
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Definition
Channel
Enzyme
G Protein-coupled
Integrin |
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Term
| How do channel receptors work? |
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Definition
| Ligand binding opens channel |
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Term
| How do enzyme receptors work? |
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Definition
| Ligand binding activates intracellular enzyme |
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Term
| How do G Protein-coupled receptors work? |
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Definition
| Ligand binding activates ion channel OR alters enzyme activity |
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Term
| How do integrin receptors work? |
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Definition
| Ligand binding alters cytoskeleton |
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Term
|
Definition
| As one enzyme activates multiple enzymes, activity is increased gometrically |
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Term
| GLUT 2 Receptors function to... |
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Definition
| Takes up Glucose in Fed State |
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Term
| GLUT 4 receptors are signaled by... |
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Definition
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Term
| What prevents a glucose surge after meals? |
|
Definition
| Gastric Inhibitory Peptide |
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Term
| Gastric Inhibitory Peptide stimulates ______ release |
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Definition
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