Term
| This causes hemoglobin to become more acidic binding with oxygen. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ___ causes carbon dioxide and H+ protons to be expelled via the alveoli. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ___ is what happens and the ___ is how it happens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many oxygen are bound to hemoglobin via the Bohr effect in the lungs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 4 things that happens in the lungs with the Bohr effect |
|
Definition
Decreased H+, CO2, Temp, DPG
Shift to the left |
|
|
Term
| A decrease in CO2 will cause the Bohr effect to shift to the ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the lung hemoglobin will be more __ bound to O2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At the tissues ___ releases O2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At the tissues hemoglobin will bind to what three things |
|
Definition
| H+, CO2, DPG (diphosphoglycerate) with a increase in temperature |
|
|
Term
| An increase in CO2 in the tissues will cause a bohr effect shift to the __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hemoglobin gives O2 to the tissues ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After the bohr effect in the tissues happen what will happen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this is characterized by normal breathing and equals 500 ml |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tidal volume is controlled by the ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pneumotaxic center is located where? |
|
Definition
| in the nucleus parabrachialis in the upper pons |
|
|
Term
| What is the action of nucleus parabrachialis in the upper pons |
|
Definition
| limits inspiration: stretch receptor fire when the lung is "full" |
|
|
Term
| What is fired by the nucleus parabrachialis in the upper pons when the lungs are get to full? |
|
Definition
| herring breuer reflex with the vagus nerve |
|
|
Term
| This is characterized as forced inspiration at 3000ml |
|
Definition
| inspiratory reserve volume |
|
|
Term
| What shuts off the hering breuer reflex |
|
Definition
| inspiratory reserve volume |
|
|
Term
| What shuts off the pneumotaxic center |
|
Definition
| apneustic center in the pons |
|
|
Term
| What allows a deep breath and is the largest individual part of breathing |
|
Definition
| IRV (inspiratory reserve volume) |
|
|
Term
| What is characterized by forced expiration and equals 1100 ml |
|
Definition
| expiratory reserve volume |
|
|
Term
| What is controlled by the rectus abdominus |
|
Definition
| ERV (expiratory reserve volume) |
|
|
Term
| what keeps the lungs from collapsing and is 1200ml |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inspiratory capacity (3500ml) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Functional residual capacity |
|
|
Term
| IRV + TV + ERV= IC+ERV=4600 ml |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IRV + TV + ERV + RV = 5800ml |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is characterized by air in the pulmonary tree not involved with gas exchange (air in bronchi) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is respiration controlled by |
|
Definition
| dorsal motor nucleus of vagus |
|
|
Term
| What is the throat muscles (pharynx and larynx) controlled by? |
|
Definition
| Nucleus Ambiguous (CN 9,10, 11) |
|
|
Term
| What branchial arch is the throat muscles controlled by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is characterized by the pressure inside the alveoli, slightly negative, and allows for normal quiet inspiration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is characterized by air pressure, opposes alveolar pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is characterized by pressure of fluid in the thin space between the lung pleura and the chest wall pleura |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pleural pressure is __ pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what keeps lungs open to their resting level |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between alveolar pressure and pleural pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What measures elastic forces in the lung (recoil pressure) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is the end inspiration highest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How far the lungs will expand per unit of increased transpulmonary pressure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 things compliance are depending on? |
|
Definition
| elastic force of lungs itself, surface tension of fluids in and around the lung |
|
|
Term
| surface tension is needed because |
|
Definition
| the lung wants to collapse |
|
|
Term
| If there is a lack of surfactant at birth there is usually |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A lack of surfactant at birth will cause |
|
Definition
| acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) |
|
|
Term
| what is also known as neonatal hyaline membrane disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the epithelium of the entire lung? |
|
Definition
| psudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (PCCE) |
|
|
Term
| What is the alveolar sacs made of? |
|
Definition
| simple squamous epithelium (exchange) |
|
|
Term
| Type 1 pneumocytes allow for ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type 2 pneumocytes allow for ___ |
|
Definition
surfactant, decrease surface tension
**on every exam** |
|
|
Term
| Dust cells are also known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the defense mechanism in case of noxious air |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| poison gas in for example a dry land drowning will effect what cells in the lungs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the apex of the lung/cervical pleura and above the clavicle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are 3 places that the carina of the trachea are located at? |
|
Definition
| sternal angle, 2nd costochondral, and T4 vertebrae |
|
|
Term
| What is inferior to the root of the lung and creates potential space for breathing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is fluid of the lung collected? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is pressure the greatest in the lungs? |
|
Definition
| at the bottom of inspiration (transpulmonary pressure) |
|
|
Term
| What is most absorbable to CO2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is most sensitive to increase in CO2 and secondary to decrease in O2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are chemoreceptors located? |
|
Definition
| carotid body, and aortic body |
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of all headaches? |
|
Definition
| vasodilation of cerebral blood vessels by the chemoreceptors |
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