Term
| cross section of a C3 grass blade |
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Definition
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Term
which part of the grass blade is number 1?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
which part of the grass blade is number 2?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
which part of the grass blade is number 3?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
which part of the grass blade is number 4?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
which part of the grass blade is number 5?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| anatomy of the leaf of a C3 plant |
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Definition
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Term
| which part of the C3 plant leaf is number 1?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| which part of the C3 plant leaf is number 2?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| which part of the C3 plant leaf is number 3?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| which part of the C3 plant leaf is number 4?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| anatomy of the leaf of a C4 plant |
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Definition
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Term
| which part of the C3 plant leaf is number 1?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| which part of the C3 plant leaf is number 2?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| which part of the C3 plant leaf is number 3?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| which part of the C3 plant leaf is number 4?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| are C3 grasses warm season or cool season? |
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Definition
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Term
| anatomy of a C3 grass blade vs. anatomy of a C4 grass blade |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Vascular bundles with bundle sheath |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Vascular bundles with bundle sheath |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| difference between the anatomy of the leaves of C3 and C4 grasses in terms of the vascular bundles |
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Definition
| the vascular bundles of the C4 leaves are are spaced more closely, whereas the C3 grass has many more mesophyll cells surrounding each vascular bundle |
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Term
| difference between the anatomy of the leaves of C3 and C4 grasses in terms of composition |
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Definition
| there are proportionally more thick walled fiber cells of the C4 grass leaf blade because there are fewer mesophyll cells |
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Term
| why C3 grasses tend to have higher nutritive value than C4 grasses |
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Definition
| because the C3 grasses have more mesophyll and less fiber; the mesophyll cells have lots of protein |
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Term
| which forages tend to be more digestable? C3 or C4? |
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Definition
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Term
| Plants store excess energy as... |
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Definition
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Term
| depiction of how p'synth works |
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Definition
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Term
| depictions of how C3 p'synth works |
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Definition
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Term
| how the vascular bundles are arranged in C4 p'synth |
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Definition
| The vascular bundles are surrounded by a special type of mesophyll cell which are collectively called the bundle sheath |
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Term
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Definition
| special type of mesophyll that surrounds the vascular bundles |
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Term
| do the mesophyll cells have rubisco? |
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Definition
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Term
| the cells in C4 plants that have rubisco |
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Definition
| The bundle sheath cells have Rubisco and fix CO2 just like in C3 plants |
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Term
| the type of tissue where C3 p'synth happens in all leaf tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| depiction of how C4 p'synth happens in C4 plants |
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Definition
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Term
| depiction of the exchange between C3 and C4 machinery that occurs in C4 p'synth |
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Definition
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Term
| another CO2 fixing enzyme that's found in the mesophyll cells of C4 plants |
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Definition
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Term
| which is more mobile in the p'synthetic machinery? malate or OAA? |
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Definition
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Term
| the overall chem rxn of p'synth |
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Definition
| 6CO2 + 12H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
the rxn is accompanied by light and plant enzymes |
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Term
| the plant enzyme involved in the overall chem rxn for p'synth |
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Definition
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Term
| why the net p'synth of C3 plants is is limited at high irradiance |
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Definition
| because CO2 transport to rubisco is slower |
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Term
| plants with this type of p'synth tend to not do well in tropics |
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Definition
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Term
| plants with this type of p'synth tend to dominate tropics |
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Definition
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Term
| why C3 tends to shut down at 86°F or 68°F |
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Definition
| because stomata close up due to water becoming a limiting factor |
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Term
| plants with this tyoe of p'synth tend to be shade intolerant |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the c'tration of CO2 at which plants show no net fixation of CO2 |
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Term
| plants with which type of p'synth have higher CO2 fixation point? |
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Definition
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Term
| which type of respiration is of higher priority: maintenance or growth? |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens to the carbohydrates formed in leaves by net p'synth? |
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Definition
| they are translocated as sucrose to other parts of the plant |
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Term
| where growth respiration occurs |
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Definition
| mainly in areas of cell division or expansion |
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Term
| what happens to excess carbohydrate when p'synth exceeds the needs of growth and resp? |
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Definition
| it is stored as starch or fructan |
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Term
| depiction of the use of carbohydrates in plants |
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Definition
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Term
| some non-structural carbohydrates in grasses |
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Definition
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Term
| where the structural carbs are |
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Definition
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Term
| the non structural carbs are... |
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Definition
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Term
| chart of non-structural carbohydrates in grasses (memorize this) |
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Definition
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Term
| some cool season (C3) perennials |
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Definition
-tall fescue
-orchardgrass |
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Term
| some cool season (C3) annuals |
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Definition
-wheat
-rye
-annual ryegrass |
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Term
| some warm season (C4) perennials |
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Definition
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Term
| some warm season (C4) annuals |
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Definition
-pearl millet
-sorghum/Sudan |
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Term
| the type of non-structural carbohydrate found in cool season (C3) perennials such as tall fescue and orchardgrass |
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Definition
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Term
| the type of non-structural carbohydrate found in cool season (C3) annuals such as wheat, rye, and annual ryegrass |
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Definition
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Term
| the type of non-structural carbohydrate found in warm season (C4) perennials such as Bermuda and bahia |
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Definition
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Term
| the type of non-structural carbohydrate found in warm season (C4) annuals such as pearl millet and sorghum/Sudan |
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Definition
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Term
| where cool season (C3) perennials such as tall fescue and orchardgrass store their fructan |
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Definition
-stem bases
-rhizomes
-stolons |
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Term
| where cool season (C3) annuals such as wheat, rye, and annual ryegrass store their fructan |
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Definition
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Term
| where warm season (C4) perennials such as Bermuda and bahia store their starch |
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Definition
-stem bases
-rhizomes
-stolons |
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Term
| where warm season (C4) annuals such as pearl millet and sorghum/Sudan store their fructose |
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Definition
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Term
| the composition of glucose |
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Definition
| 1 sucrose attached to 1 fructose |
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Term
| how fructans are synthesized in cool season grasses |
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Definition
| by adding fructose to sucrose units |
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Term
| how long can fructans be? |
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Definition
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Term
| type of grasses fructans are not found in |
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Definition
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Term
| the non-structural carbohydrate found in C4 grasses |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| how starch can occur in warm season perennial grasses |
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Definition
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Term
| how starch is synthesized in warm season grasses |
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Definition
| by making polymers of glucose |
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Term
| how long can the polymers of glucose in starch be? |
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Definition
| Can be hundreds of units long |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| why storage of carbs is important in plants |
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Definition
| Storage of carbs is important to growth of the plants |
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Term
| depiction of some ways plants use N reserves |
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Definition
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Term
| For N, the priority is... |
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Definition
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Term
| Grasses get most of the N used for regrowth from... |
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Definition
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Term
| Legumes get most of the N used for regrowth from... |
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Definition
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Term
| depiction of N movement in grasses |
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Definition
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Term
| depiction of N movement in legumes |
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Definition
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Term
| Grass takes a longer time to regrow if you... |
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Definition
| cut it to the ground or graze it intensely |
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Term
| why grass regrows more quickly under light defoliation |
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Definition
| because more stubble remains to supply more carbohydrates and for more p'synth, so the lag time befor growth following cutting is minimal |
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Term
| the critical light interception |
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Definition
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Term
| what will grass rely on for regrowth if it's perennial? |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens if you cut the apex of an annual grass? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| LAI = ratio of leaf area to land area |
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Term
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Definition
| Critical LAI = LAI required to intercept 95% of incident light |
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Term
| why it's best to harvest at critical LAI |
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Definition
| because above this level, lower leaves shaded and senesce – therefore, harvest at this point |
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Term
| what happens to lower leaves when plant LAI exceeds 95%? |
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Definition
| the lower leaves get shaded and senesce – therefore, harvest at this point |
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Term
| Critical LAI value for white clover |
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Definition
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Term
| Critical LAI value for alfalfa |
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Definition
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Term
| Critical LAI value for orchardgrass |
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Definition
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Term
| why intercepting 100% of the light is undesireable |
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Definition
| because intercepting 100% implies shading of lower leaves |
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