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Definition
| random movement of particles due to kinetic energy. It allows distribution in confined spaces |
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| is formed when there is an area of higher concentration and one of lower within a closed system. |
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| Result of a concentration gradient. Net diffusion is the direction of particle movement. Directing particles from an area of high concentration to low. |
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| when particles are evenly distributed throughout the enclosed space |
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| Semi-(Selectively) Permeable |
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Definition
| A membrane that allows some but not all items to diffuse across the membrane. Human cell is selectively permeable. |
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Definition
for reducing sugars. place 5 to 6 drops of Blue Benedicts reagent to the solution, place solution in boiling water bath for 5 minutes.
Orange: High concentration of sugar
Green or Brown: low concentration
Blue: No sugar. |
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Definition
Add drop of iodine to spot plate
Black/Dark Blue:Starch present
No Color Change: No Starch |
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Definition
| The movement of water and tonicity(water pressure) of a cell |
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Solution outside of the cell. It has greater particle concentration (osmolarity) than inside the cell.
.1% Salt Solution (Small Squiggly Lines)
Expanded Cell Shape |
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Definition
Solution around the cell. Has the same particle concentration.
.9% Salt Solution
Very small, thin hairy lines
NO net osmosis, normal cell shape |
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Term
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Definition
Solution around the cell. Has low particle concentration
5% Salt solution
tiny dots and thin lines, shrunken cell |
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Definition
| substance that donates hydrogen ions when dissolved in water 1-7 |
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Definition
| a substance that accepts hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. 8-14 |
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Definition
| solution is neither acidic nor basic because there are equal amounts of H and OH. Which balances out to a Ph of 7. |
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Definition
| Human blood plasma range is 7.35-7.45 |
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Definition
| make an acid less acidic. (trypsin changes pesin) |
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negative log of concentration of free floating hydrogen ions.(H+). The smaller the pH the more acidic the solution is.14=most basic solution
0=acidic
pH=-log[H+]~Acidic
pOH=-log [OH-]~Basic
pH+pOH=14~~ALWAYS |
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| Anything that speeds up the rate of reaction without being used up. makes less energy needed |
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| the ending material after a reaction changes into something different. |
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| energy needed to cause a reaction |
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| when an enzyme is going to work best and fastest |
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| found in the saliva-it breaks down starches |
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Definition
Pepsinogen + HCl=Pepsin
Its the inactive form of Pepsin
HCl maintains Ph in the stomach at 2. This makes the optimum temp. 2. |
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Definition
| Secreted in the stomach. It breaks down proteins to peptides. |
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Definition
| Liquid portion of blood. Its composed of water and contains proteins, ions, antibodies, eft. |
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Definition
Red blood cells. Carry respiratory gases, Oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. They are carried on Hemoglobin-protein responsible for their red color. They dont replicate.
Appearance: |
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Definition
| White blood cells. Fight off infectious invaders. They can either be granular(speckled) cytoplasms or agranular (without speckles) |
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Definition
Granular white blood cells. Eat foreign invaders. They are the same as monocytes .
Appearance: dark colored blobs, surrounded by a lighter color. |
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Definition
Uncommon white blood cell. Helps fight off parasites and infection
Appearance: Very large lighter dots surrounded by liquid |
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Definition
Uncommon white blood cell. function is unknown
Appearance: dark liquid. Smallish pink spots inside |
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Definition
Its immature.
Creates two antibodies that can either create antibodies or kill viruses
Appearance: large blob of purple |
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Term
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Definition
| Kill virally infected cells |
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Term
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Definition
| activate macrophages and B-Cells |
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Term
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Definition
| create antibodies to foreign invaders |
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Definition
| they remember pathogens that have gotten you sick in the past so you dont get sick again |
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Definition
Can leave the blood and turn into macrophage
They eat things in the blood stream.
Appearance: Huge dark pink blob surrounded by clear liquid |
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Definition
| Once monocytes leave the blood they turn into this. They eat bacteria in the tissue. |
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Definition
Appearance:Tiny greyish dots
They are a broken off piece of the cell that are components of the blood. They help clot blood. Form scabs |
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Term
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Definition
| Are built into the body. Our body makes them to fight off infection |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A antigens and B antibodies. B blood type would be attacked and form clots that could kill you if it entered the blood stream |
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Definition
| B antigens and A antibodies |
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Definition
| A and B antigens, no antibodies. This is the universal blood acceptor/recipient |
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Definition
| No antigens. A and B antibodies. They can only receive type O blood. They are a universal donor |
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Definition
| The bloods clotting that occurs when you are infused with the wrong type of blood. Lack of oxygen is the result, and death may occur |
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Term
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Definition
| clotting of blood to block the opening of a wound. It occurs in nature. A scab is formed. |
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Definition
| neuron and the space it innervates. (touch receptor) think probe experiment. |
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Definition
| Area of body that receives touch feeling from neurons |
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Definition
| Takes the signal to the central nervous system |
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| release neurotransmitters |
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Definition
| Chemical messenger that communicates signals |
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| What we are sensing. (Touch, Taste, Smell, Sight) |
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Definition
| changing the charge of a neuron to carry a signal |
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Definition
| minimum amount of depolarization needed to have an action potential |
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Definition
| sending a signal to the brain |
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Definition
| canceling weak signals, and focusing on the stronger ones. |
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Definition
| Cushion on top of lens. Projection. Light rays pass through it. |
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Definition
| directs light to back of the eye |
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Definition
| back part of eye. Light stimulates the nerve there. |
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Definition
| where nerves leave the eye |
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Definition
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Term
| Photoreceptors (rods and cones) |
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Definition
| receptors activated by light |
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Definition
| Break in the retina. When no rods and cones, nerve is leaving |
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Definition
| The closest and object can be focused |
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Term
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Definition
| natural loss of elasticity in the lens, begins around age 50+ |
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Term
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Definition
| near sightedness. (Can't see far away) concave lens |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| farsightedness (convex lens) |
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Term
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Definition
| everything appears blurry. abnormal curvature of the lens. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| thermoceceptors, are sensitive to hot a cold |
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Definition
Images that are formulated independent of looking at objects. This happens by light energy being converted into neural impulses that are interpreted by the brain.
Red/Green
Blue/Yellow
positive after images-same as original color
negative after images-complimentary color |
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Term
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Definition
| Two versus one point touching my skin at the same time. The Pacinian corpuscle is sensitive to deep pressure. Its more plentiful in the palm of your hand, soles of feet, and joints. |
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Definition
| Locating the place you have been touched. |
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Definition
| receptors diminish the extent of their depolarization. Action potentials decrease as a result |
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Definition
| may come from the heart, but pain is in the shoulder. |
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Definition
| receptors that are sensitive to specific chemicals. Taste and smell |
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Term
| 5 Tastes(bitter, sour, sweet, salty-umami |
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Definition
sour-H+
Salt-Na+
Sweet-Glucose
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Term
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Definition
| Nose and mouth have glands that help ensure that chemicals are in solution. |
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Term
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Definition
| allows chemicals from the nose to enter the mouth and visa versa. |
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Term
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Definition
| afferent neuron in the nose-mucus |
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Term
| Olfactory vs. Taste bud receptors |
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Definition
| smell in the nose through mucus vs. taste buds in the mouth |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Tests the auditory acuity of each ear. It was easiest to hear the ticking on either side of the ear. |
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Term
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Definition
Tests for conduction deafness.
If ears are normal the tone is equally loud, and localized from the middle
Otherwise sounds will be louder in normal ear.
Is performed in a room with normal sound level |
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Term
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Definition
| compares air conduction to bone conduction. A person with normal hearing will hear the sound for longer by air conduction than by bone conduction |
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Term
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Definition
| transmission of sound waves through the middle ear to the oval window is impaired. |
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Term
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Definition
| transmission of nerve impulses from the cochlea to the auditory complex of the brain is impaired. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when an active site is broken and the enzyme doesnt work anymore. |
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Term
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Definition
| triggered by amino acids, glutamate. Distinctive taste |
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