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| Atoms are the smallest stable units of matter. |
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| (p+) have a positive electrical charge. and a wieght of 1 dalton |
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| (n or n^0) are electrically nuetral, which means they are uncharged. has a size of 1 dalton |
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| (e-) are much smaller and about 1/1836th the mass of either protons and nuetrons. they have a negative charge |
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| anything that takes up space and has mass |
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| the quantity of matter that a object contains. mass something you can physically touch. |
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| The area around the nucleus where where electrons whirl around |
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| the atomic weight is the average of the atomic masses and proportions of an elements different isotopes |
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atoms whose nuclei contains the same number of protons, but different numbers of protons, but differentnuetrons. isotopes have essentially the same chemical properties, and so only distinguishable based on mass.
used for medical conditions and procedures |
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Definition
| the number of protons in a atom |
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| the total number of both nuetrons and protons in an atoms nuclei. |
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| pure substance containing only atoms of the same atomic number. |
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| elements found in the body in only small amounts |
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| an abbreviation of elements recognized by scientist as representing those elements |
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Definition
elements that do not have the outermost energy level
(valence shell) filled |
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| elements that have all their outermost energy levels filled with electrons |
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| the outermost energy level that forms the "surface" of the atom. |
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| elements that do not readily participate in chemical processes. |
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Definition
| when an atom gains or looses a electron it is no longer electrically neutral. |
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Definition
| when an atom loses an electron its charge becomes positive. |
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| if an atom gains electrons it's charge becomes negative. |
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Term
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Definition
Any of several forces, especially the ionic bond, covalent bond, and metallic bond, by which atoms or ions are bound in a molecule or crystal.
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Term
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Definition
| chemical bond in which one or more electrons are tranfered from one atom to another so they can achieve stability |
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| atoms that complete there outer electron shell by sharing electrons between atoms. |
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| a molecule is a chemical structure consisting of atoms of one or more elements held together through covalent bonds. |
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| molecule with typically a covalent bonds where the sharing of electrons is equal and does not effect the electrical charge. |
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| A molecule which has a positive charge at one end and a negative charge at the other. |
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| covalent bonds that produce polar molecules |
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| maintain there shape and volume at ordinary temperatures and pressures |
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| have a constant volume, but no fixed shape. the shape of the liquid is determined by the shape of its container. |
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| a gas has neither a constant volume or fixed shape gasses can be compresses or expanded; unlike liquids they will fill a container of any size |
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| A chemical bond in which the positive charge of hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative charge of another polar molecule, especially a nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine atom, usually of another molecule. |
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Definition
| at the surface of water hydrogen bonds between water molecules slow the rate of evaporation forming surface tension. this surface tension acts like a barrier that keeps small objects from entering the water. |
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| substances in which atoms change take place |
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| different substances that are produced through chemical reactions |
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| all of the reactions underway in the cells and tissues of the body at any given moment |
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| the chemical shorthand used to describe chemical compounds and reactions |
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| A mole (mol) is a quantity with a weight in grams equal to an elements atomic weight. one mole of a given element always contains the same number of atoms. 1 mole of oxygen weighs 16.00 grams its atois wieght is also 16 |
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| the sum of the atomic weights of a molecules component atoms |
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Definition
| a reaction where a molecule is broken down into smaller fragments. |
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Definition
one of the bonds in a complex molecule is broken down, and the components of a water molecule(H & OH) are added to the resulting fragments.
(A+B) + H20 = (A-H) + (B - OH) |
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| the decompostion of complex molecules is collectivelly known as catabolism. when a covalent bond is broken kinetic energy is released giving power to functions like growth movement and reproduction |
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Definition
assembles smaller molecules into larger molecules
(A) + (B) = (AB) |
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Definition
a condensation reaction where complex molecules are formed by removing water molecules.
A-H + OH - B =(AB) + H20 |
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| syntesis of new molecules on the body's cells and tissues is known as anabolism. it takes energy to create the bonds(covalent) . |
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Term
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Definition
parts of a molecule or molecules are shuffled around through decomposition and sythesis
(AB) + (CD) = (A) +(B) +(C) + (D) = (AC) + (BD) |
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| The Amount of energy required to start a reaction |
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special proteins needed to perform most of the complex synthesis and decomposition reactions in the body.
lower the required activation energy needed. |
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Term
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Definition
| compounds that speed up chemical reactions. without them being permanently changed or consumed. |
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Definition
| series of interlocking steps, each step controlled by iits own enzyme |
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| reactions that release energy |
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| common reaction in the body that regulates body temperature. this reaction requires more energy to start than is released. |
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| substances that can be synthesized or decomposed inside our bodies. |
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| essential metabolites that are normally obtained through diet. |
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| dissolved substances in water. |
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Term
Dissociation / ionization |
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Definition
| ionic bonds are broken as the individual ions interact with positive or negative poles of polar water molecules. |
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Definition
| molecules that readily interact with water molecules. |
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| soluble inorganic substances whose ions will conduct an electical current |
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| solution containing dispersed proteins or other large molecules. |
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| molecules that do not readily interact with water molecules |
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| always contain hydrogen and carbon |
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Definition
| an organic molecule that contains C, H, O in a ratio 1:2:1 |
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| a carbohydrate containing 3-7 carbon atoms. |
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| most important metabolic fuel in the body |
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| same type and number of atoms, but different structurally. |
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