Term
| What does the adrenal medulla secrete? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do regulatory (releasing) hormones come from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do stimulating (tropic) hormones come from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do non-tropic hormones come from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do regulatory (releasing) hormones act on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do stimulating (tropic) hormones act on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do non-tropic hormones act on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What amino acids are the amine-derived hormones derived from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 classifications of hormones? |
|
Definition
amine-derived
peptide
lipid-derived |
|
|
Term
| What are the two main classes of lipid-derived hormones? |
|
Definition
-those derived from cholesterol (sterols/steroids)
-those derived from arachidonic acid (eicosanoids) |
|
|
Term
| Steroids bind to _______ receptors, translocate to the _________ and alter transcription factor activity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eicosanoids often operate through __________ pathways. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the catecholamines? |
|
Definition
DOPA
dopamine
norepinephrine
epinephrine |
|
|
Term
| Where are the receptors that amine-derived hormones act on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tryptophan-derived hormones are __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of hormones are catecholamines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of hormones are stored in secretory granules and released upon stimulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peptide hormone release is ___-dependent. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peptide hormones are hydrophilic/hydrophobic. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Steroid hormones are derived from ____________ through enzymatic reactions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cholesterol is converted to _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What moves between mitochondira and ER and is a precursor to all steroids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What class of hormones do gulcocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, estrogens, and progestins fall into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hypothalamico-adenohypophyseal portal system |
|
Definition
| hypothalamus controls anterior pituitary |
|
|
Term
| ______________ ______________ releases a number of regulatory (releasing) hormones. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What neurons extend directly to the posterior pituitary and secrete arginine vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin directly into the blood? |
|
Definition
| supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
thyrotropin releasing hormone
stimulates release of TSH and prolactin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
corticotropin releasing hormone
stimulates release of ACTH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gonadotropin releasing hormone
stimulates release of FSH and LH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
growth hormone releasing hormone
stimulates release of growth hormone (GH) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
growth hormone inhibiting hormone
inhibits release of growth hormone (GH) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prolactin releasing hormone
stimulates release of prolactin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prolactin inhibiting hormone (dopamine)
inhibits release of prolactin |
|
|
Term
| The anterior lobe of the pituitary (adenohypophysis) releases hormones that regulate ___________, _________, and _________. |
|
Definition
| growth, reproduction, and metabolism |
|
|
Term
| What hormone does the intermediate pituitary lobe secrete? |
|
Definition
| alpha and beta melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are oxytocin and ADH synthesized and where are they stored? |
|
Definition
synthesized in hypothalamus
stored in posterior pituitary |
|
|
Term
| What hormones' release is not under the control of hypothalamic releasing hormones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vasopressin (ADH) is released in response to what? |
|
Definition
| decreased blood pressure and blood volume |
|
|
Term
| action of vasopressin (ADH) |
|
Definition
-maintain blood osmolarity and volume
-increase water reabsorption in collecting ducts of kidney |
|
|
Term
| Vasopressin (ADH) binds to ___ receptors in the kidney. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vasopressin (ADH) binds to ___ receptors on vascular smooth muscle which causes ___________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What therapeutic use does desmopressin (vasopressin) have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes diabetes insipidus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where besides the hypothalamus is oxytocin synthesized? |
|
Definition
luteal cells
endometrium
placenta |
|
|
Term
| Oxytocin stimulates _________ and ______ of uterine contraction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ increases oxytocin receptors in the uterus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What stimulates the secretion of oxytocin? |
|
Definition
cervical and vaginal dilation
suckling |
|
|
Term
| Oxytocin secretion is _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PTH binds to ___________ which stimulates ___________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Calcitonin _________ osteoclasts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| examples of positive feedback mechanisms |
|
Definition
-blood clotting
-sodium inflow in nerve signals
-contraction of uterus during childbirth
-milk letdown reflex |
|
|
Term
| What two characteristics are present in a positive feedback system? |
|
Definition
time limitation
intensification of stress |
|
|
Term
| example of harmful positive feedback |
|
Definition
|
|
