Term
|
Definition
| Circulatory, Respiratory, Urinary, Integumentary, Immune, Nervous, Endocrine, Muscular, Skeletal, Digestive, Reproductive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Body systems prepare for a stimulus in anticipation of a particular sensor. (ie smell pizza - create stomach acid) |
|
|
Term
| Levels of structural organization |
|
Definition
| Atomic, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism |
|
|
Term
| Common elements in the human body |
|
Definition
| Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Calcium, Phosphorus, Nitrogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Form of an element with different numbers of neutrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amino group, Carbon, Hydrogen, Carboxyl group, Functional group (R) |
|
|
Term
| Cholesterol's role in the Plasma Membrane |
|
Definition
| Flexibility, permeability, and signaling |
|
|
Term
| Components of the "Reflex Arc" |
|
Definition
| stimulus, sensory receptor, sensory neuron, integration, motor neuron, effector, response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ionized or ionizable constituents of a living cell, blood, or other organic matter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a substance microscopically dispersed evenly throughout another substance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mixture containing solid particles (usually larger than 1 micrometer), dispersed through agitation, if left undisturbed they will settle as sedimentation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Having been altered in natural quality, losing some of its original properties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shell in which electrons move around the nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refers to the atoms outermost orbital and the electrons it contains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hydrogen ion H+ and hydroxide ion OH- |
|
|
Term
| Amino Acid chemical formula |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carbohydrate chemical formula |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Polymers (in the body) define / examples |
|
Definition
| Giant molecules made up of small parts, ex. proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A molecule that may bind chemically with other molecules to form a polymer |
|
|
Term
| Monomer component of a Carbohydrate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Monomer component of a Protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Monomer component of a Lipid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Monomer component of a Nucleic Acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major functions of Proteins |
|
Definition
| Structure (ex. keratin, collagen), and Metabolism (ex. enzymes) |
|
|
Term
| Major function of Carbohydrates |
|
Definition
| Short term energy source, stored as glycogen in the liver for approximately 24 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Long term energy storage for the body |
|
|
Term
| Major function of Nucleic Acids |
|
Definition
| Store and transmit genetic code to direct cells' protein production |
|
|
Term
| Examples of Carbohydrates |
|
Definition
| Glucose, fructose, sucrose, galactose, lactose, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, and prostaglandins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What common attribute do all Lipids have? |
|
Definition
| They are insoluble in polar solvents such as water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amphipathic molecule that makes up the majority of the cell membrane structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lipid molecule responsible for a variety of regulatory functions |
|
|
Term
| Primary Protein structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary Protein structure |
|
Definition
| (alpha) Helix or (beta) Pleated sheet |
|
|
Term
| Tertiary Protein structure |
|
Definition
| (alpha) Helix structure bends and folds in upon itself forming a complex three dimensional shape |
|
|
Term
| Quarternary Protein structure |
|
Definition
| Multiple polypeptide chains in a covalently bonded three dimensional structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is it that makes the structure of proteins so diverse? |
|
Definition
| The 20 different amino acid subunits |
|
|
Term
| What are the differences between DNA and RNA |
|
Definition
| DNA is a double neucleotide strand where as RNA is single, DNA has the sugar deoxyribose RNA has ribose, DNA has Thymine RNA has Uracil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proteins that span the cell membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protein that is partially embedded in one face of the cell membrane |
|
|
Term
| Why is compartmentalization important in eukaryotic cells? |
|
Definition
| Different functions require different environments, allows cells to grow more, allows for specialization |
|
|
Term
| Glycoprotein major function |
|
Definition
| Cell to cell interaction or recognition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a molecule obtains additional electrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a molecule gives up electrons in a reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organic compounds derived from vitamins,carriers of certain entities for a chemical reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inorganic molecules that either are necessary for catalysis or speed it up |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reaction rates are proportional to the concentration of the reacting substances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Balance point in a chemical reaction where the reactant concentration is proportional to the product, no further net gain will occur |
|
|
Term
| How does ATP produce energy for the cell? |
|
Definition
| By breaking its third high-energy phosphate bond |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| General Metabolic Pathway |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Branched Metabolic Pathway
Two or more enzymes can work on the same substrate at the branch point of the pathway, catalyzing two or more different reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
End Product Inhibition
Final product inhibits the branch enzyme, resulting in increased production from alternate pathway |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inborn Error Of Metabolism
Defective gene produces a defective enzyme, may result in metabolic disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm, begins the process of energy production in the cell, results in 2 molecules of pyruvic acid, 2 NADH, and 4ATP or a net of 2 ATP after the use of 2 ATP to begin the process, ATP made directly |
|
|
Term
| What happens to pyruvic acid under aerobic / anaerobic conditions? |
|
Definition
Aerobic- Continues on the the citric acid cycle and then on the the electron transport chain
Anaerobic- Pyruvic acid becomes Lactic acid and is recycled |
|
|
Term
| Electron Transport System |
|
Definition
| Process that occurs in the mitochondria, requires oxygen as final electron receptor, produces the majority of the ATP in aerobic respiration, uses oxidative phosphorylation |
|
|
