Term
| What is the purpose of the Chordae Tendineae? |
|
Definition
| Attach to the papillary muscles and ensure that the valves do not close back into the atria |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the pericardium? |
|
Definition
| Keeps the heart contained in its own space and adds lubrication |
|
|
Term
| Is there a lot of resistance in the pulmonary arteries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the pulmonary veins do? |
|
Definition
| Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. |
|
|
Term
| The left ventricle pumps at a low force because the systemic circulation pressure is low. |
|
Definition
Both statements are false
- left ventricle pumps at a higher force because the systemic circulation is high pressure |
|
|
Term
| T/F The right ventricle contracts at a higher force than the left ventricle |
|
Definition
| False, the left ventricle contracts at a higher force than the right ventricle |
|
|
Term
| What is the motion of ventricular contraction? |
|
Definition
| Vortex fasion from the apex to the base |
|
|
Term
| How do the walls of the right ventricle contract to eject its contents? |
|
Definition
- Shortening of the free wall
- Compression of the chamber |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the action which causes compression of the ventricular chamber called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the components of the left ventricular contration which causes its contents to be ejected |
|
Definition
- Constriction of the chamber
- Shortening of chamber
- Traction on right ventricular wall |
|
|
Term
| Go over anatomy of the heart and the path of blood flow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many phases are there in a single cardiac cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes the physiological heart sounds as heart with a stethoscope? |
|
Definition
| Opening and closing of the of the valves |
|
|
Term
| When all the valves are closed the ventricular volume is constant, this phase is called isovolumetric |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the five basic criteria needed for effective efficient ventricular pumping action? |
|
Definition
- Contractions of individual cardiac muscles cells must occur at regular intervals and be synchronized (not arrhythmic)
- Valves must open fully (not stenotic)
- Valves must not leak (not insufficient or regurgitant)
- Muscle contractions must be forecefull (not failing)
- Ventricles must fill adequatelye during diastole |
|
|
Term
| T/F If ventricles are underfilled they will be able to contract more effectively |
|
Definition
| False, they will not be able to contract effectively |
|
|
Term
| What is the time period of one cardiac cycle? |
|
Definition
| From the beginning of one ventricular contraction to the beginning of the next |
|
|
Term
| What two phases make up the cardiac cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two periods within systole? |
|
Definition
| Isovolumetric contraction period and Ejection period |
|
|
Term
| During the isovolumetric contraction between the ventricle generates pressure WITH the expulsion of blood volume |
|
Definition
First statement is true
Second statement is false; without expulsion of blood volume |
|
|
Term
| T/F In isovolumetric contraction the AV valve is open but the semilunar valve is closed |
|
Definition
| False, both valves are closed |
|
|
Term
| What keeps the semilunar valves closed? |
|
Definition
| The aortic blood pressure which is behind them. |
|
|
Term
| What is responsible for the first heart sound? |
|
Definition
| When the ventricular pressure becomes greater than the atrial pressure causing the AV valves to close |
|
|
Term
| T/F The the first heart sound may be split |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the order of AV valve closure? |
|
Definition
| The mitral valve closes before the tricuspid valve |
|
|
Term
| Where is the mitral valve located? |
|
Definition
| Between the Left atria and left ventricle |
|
|
Term
| Where is the tricuspid valve located |
|
Definition
| Between the right atria and right ventricle |
|
|
Term
| During the ejection period of systole which valves are open and which are closed? |
|
Definition
| AV valves are closed, and semilunar valves are open |
|
|
Term
| Approximately how much of the total ejected volume is expelled during the first thirdy of the ejection interval? What is this period called? |
|
Definition
70%
- Called Rapid ventricular ejection |
|
|
Term
| When doe the aortic valve open? |
|
Definition
| When the ventricular pressure becomes greater than the aortic pressure |
|
|
Term
| T/F Atrial filling begins during the rapid ventricular ejection period |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two sub-periods which are found in the Ejection period? |
|
Definition
- Rapid ventricular ejection
- Reduced ventricular ejection |
|
|
Term
| The ventricular pressure reaches its maximum in reduced ventricular ejection and decreases in rapid ventricular ejection. |
|
Definition
Both statements are false
- Ventricular pressure reaches is maximum during rapid ventricular ejection
- Ventricular pressure decreases during reduced ventricular ejection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Period of ventricular relaxation |
|
|
Term
| What marks the diastolic period? |
|
Definition
| From closure of semilunar valves to closure of AV valves |
|
|
Term
| What is responsible for the second heart sound? |
|
Definition
| Closoure of the semilunar valves |
|
|
Term
| Which valve closes first Polmonic semilunar or aortic semilunar valve. |
|
Definition
| Aortic followed by pulmonic |
|
|
Term
| What are the two major sub-categories of diastole? |
|
Definition
- Isovolumic relaxation
- Filling period |
|
|
Term
| At what period does the majority of ventricular filling take place? |
|
Definition
| During rapid ventricular filling, within the first 1/3 of diastole |
|
|
Term
| Filling period of diastole is composed of 2 phases. The final phase contributes the most to ventricular filling |
|
Definition
Both statements are false.
- The Filling period is composed of 3 phases
- The first phase (1/3) contributes the most to ventricular filling. |
|
|
Term
| How many total heart sounds are possible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two regular audible heart sounds associated with? |
|
Definition
- Isovolumic contraction
- Isovolumic relaxation |
|
|
