Term
| What is the Scientific Method? |
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Definition
1. Recognize a problem or something unknown
2. Make a hypothosis
3. Make predictions about your hypothosis
4. Perform expirements to test your hypothosis
5. form a conclusion
6. relay your data |
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Term
| What is a scientific hypothosis? |
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Definition
| an educated guess that must be tested by expirements |
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Term
| When is a hypothosis proven through expirements? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many expirements can prove you wrong? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the universe |
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Term
| What si a Quantative measurement? |
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Definition
a measurement that produces a definite, specific value:
Ex: Classes at BASIS are normally 50 minutes long |
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Term
| What is a Qualitative Measurment? |
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Definition
a measurement that is a non-numerical (no numbers) discription
Ex: Classes at BASIS are just the right length |
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Term
| The Metric System. What are the common units? |
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Definition
Length -meters
Mass -grams
Weight -Newtons
Time -seconds
Volume -liter or cubic cenitmeter
Temperature -Degrees Celcius |
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Term
What are the Metric System prefixes and abbreviations?
Hint: You should have 12 of the prefixes and 12 of the abbreviations |
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Definition
Trillion - Tera
Billion - Giga
Million - Mega
Thousand - Kilo
Hundred - Hecto
Ten - Deca
Tenth - deci
Hundredth -centi
Thousandth - milli
Millionth - micro
Billionth - nano
Trillionth -pico
Abbreviations are just the letter that the prefix starts with except for micro -u (sort of a cursive u)
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| how specific your answer is, whether it is wrong or right |
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Term
| What is the Margin of Error? |
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Definition
| the amount of acceptable error in an expirement |
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Term
| What is a referance point? |
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Definition
| an object that is staying in place compared to another object to detect movement |
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Term
| Whne is an object in motion? |
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Definition
| when it changes position over time when compared to a referance point |
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Term
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Definition
| the point or area occupied by a physical object |
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Term
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Definition
| a measurement of how fast something is moving |
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Term
| What is the equation for speed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some units of speed? |
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Definition
miles/hour
meters/second
etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| When an objects average speed and instantaneous speed are the same |
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Term
| What is the equation for average speed? |
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Definition
| Average Speed= total distance/total time |
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Term
| What is instantaneous speed? |
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Definition
| an objects speed at any one moment in time |
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Term
| What are the equations for distance and time? |
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Definition
Distance= speed x time
Time= distance/speed |
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Term
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Definition
the speed and direction of an object
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Term
| What is constant velocity? |
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Definition
| constant speed with no change in direction |
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Term
| What is the equation for average velocity? |
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Definition
| average velocity= total distance/ total time |
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Term
| Velocities can be combined to create what? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you find the resultant velocity of two velocities in the same direction? |
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Definition
| add the velocities together |
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Term
| How do you find the resultant velocity of two velocities in opposite directions? |
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Definition
| subract the smaller velocity from the larger one |
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Term
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Definition
| the rate at which an object's velocity changes |
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Term
| What does it mean to accelerate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is acceleration how much velocity changes? |
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Definition
| No, it is how fast it changes |
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Term
| What is the equation for acceleration? |
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Definition
| Acceleration= change in velocity/time interval |
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Term
| What is another equation for acceleration? |
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Definition
Acceleration=final velocity - initial velocity
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time interval |
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Term
| What is the acceleration in which velocity increases called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is acceleration in which velocity decreases called? |
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Definition
| negative acceleration or deceleration |
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Term
| What are the units of Acceleration? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the tendancy of objects to resist a change in motion |
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Term
| State Newton's First Law of Motion. |
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Definition
| "An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalaced force." |
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Term
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Definition
| Mass is the quantity of matter in an object |
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Term
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Definition
| the measure of an objects inertia |
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Term
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Definition
| the force upon an object caused by gravity |
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Term
| Are weight and mass the same thing? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mass and weight are directly porportional. This means what? |
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Definition
| That if you double an objects mass, you also double its weight. If you halve an objects mass, you also halve the objects weight |
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Term
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Definition
Never!!!!!!
*This is for inanimate objects* |
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Term
| Does inertia ever change? How do you know? |
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Definition
| No, because if mass never changes and it follows an objects inertia, then inertia never changes either |
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Term
| Would it be easier to push a car on the moon or on earth? |
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Definition
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Term
| Would it be easier to lift a car on the moon or on earth? |
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Definition
| on the moon because there is less gravity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why are mass and volume not nessisarily porportional? |
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Definition
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Term
| State Newton's Second Law of Motion. |
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Definition
| "The acceleration of an object is directly porportional to the net force acting on that object, is in the direction of the net force and is inversely proportional to the mass of the object." |
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Term
| What is the equation for acceleration and how is it directly and inversely proportional? |
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Definition
Acceleration=force/mass
If force is doubled, acceleration is doubled.
If mass is doubled, then acceleration is halved.
Therefore, Force and acceleration are directly proportional and mass and acceleration are inveresly proportional. |
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Term
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Definition
| Simply, a push or a pull. |
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Term
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Definition
| it is the sum of the forces acting on an object |
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Term
| How do you find net force? |
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Definition
| Add the forces acting in the same direction and subtract forces acting in opposite dirrections. |
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Term
| What is a vector quantity? |
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Definition
| A force that involves both magnitude and dictection. |
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Term
| What is a scalar quantity? |
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Definition
| Something that involves just magnitude. |
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Term
| What produces acceleration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the unit of force? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is an object in equilibrium? |
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Definition
| When it is acted upon by balanced forces |
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Term
| What is a balanced force? |
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Definition
| When the sum of forces acting on an object equals zero. |
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Term
| How can a balanced force be created? |
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Definition
| Two forces must be equal in magnitude and opposiite in direction. |
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Term
| What happens when two or more forces added together do not equal zero? |
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Definition
| It is an unbalanced force and acceleration will occur. |
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Term
| If an object's net force is zero, is it in equilibrium? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can an object that is moving be in equilibrium? |
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Definition
| Yes, if it is moving at a constant velocity. |
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Term
| What is static equilibrium? |
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Definition
When an object is at rest and not accelerating is in equilibrium.
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Term
| What is dynamic equilibrium? |
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Definition
When an object is in motion and is not accelerating.
In other words, an object that is moving at a constant velocity. |
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Term
| What kind of equilibrium is a glass on a table in? Why? |
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Definition
Static Equilibrium
Because its velocity is 0 m/s and isn't accelerating, therefore the net force on the glass is zero. |
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Term
Learn the equilibrium table. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A force produced by a surface an object is resting on, created by the atoms in the surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| A force produced by a push or pull. |
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Term
| What is friction? What is it caused by? |
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Definition
a force that occurs when objects slide over each other
caused by atoms clinging together at many points of contact |
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Term
| What does the magnitude of friction force depend on? |
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Definition
the object's weight and the material of the object's
Surface area does not make a difference |
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Term
| What is the direction of friction force? |
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Definition
| opposite the direction of motion |
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Term
| When does friction occur? |
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Definition
| Once a horizontal force is exerted |
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Term
| Which has more inertia, a jug filled with air or a jug filled with water? Why? |
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Definition
| The jug filled with water because it has more mass |
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Term
| State Newton's Third Law of Motion. |
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Definition
| " Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first." |
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Term
| Does it matter which object is the action force or reaction force in Newton's Third Law of Motion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Newton's Third Law of Motion mean? |
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Definition
| That forces are equal in strength and opposite in direction. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Can an action force exsist without a reaction force? |
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Definition
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Term
| Forces always act in ________ . |
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Definition
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Term
| Do action and reaction forces act on the same object? |
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Definition
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Term
| What would happen if action forces and reaction forces acted on the same object? |
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Definition
| They would cancel each other out and acceleration wouldn't be possible. |
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Term
| What is the equation for momentum? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does an object at rest have momentum? |
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Definition
| No, only moving objects have momentum. |
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Term
| What is the equation for momentum when direction isn't important? |
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Definition
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Term
| A moving object can have a _________ amount of momentum if mass is __________ and velocity is ________ especially if both are __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| If there is a large amount of momentum in an object, is it easy to stop its motion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are momentum and inertia the same thing? Why? |
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Definition
| No, because Inertia depends on mass only and momentum depends on both the mass and velocity. Furthermore, inertia is involved with both moving and stationary objects while momentum only is involved with moving objects. |
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Term
| When does momentum change? |
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Definition
| WHen an object's mass, velocity, or both change. |
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Term
| What is required to change momentum? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| How much force is being exerted over a certain period of time. |
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Term
| What is the equation for impulse? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you increase an object's momentum as much as possible? |
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Definition
| Exert a large amount of force over a long period of time. |
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Term
Why does it hurt less when you run into a haystack then when you run into a wall?
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Definition
| In both cases your momentum is decreased by the same amount, which means that the impulse needed to stop you is the same. The time of impact is greater for the haystack so the force of impact is greater for the brick wall then the haystack. |
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Term
| The ________ must be exerted by something _______ to the object. |
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Definition
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Term
| If no force is external to the system of objects, what happens to momentum? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is momentum a vector quantity or a scalar quantity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Momentum is always ______ in a collision. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the net momentum of coliding objects after the collision? |
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Definition
It is equal to the net momentum before the collision.
Net momentum before = Net momentum after |
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Term
| What is an elastic collision? |
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Definition
| a collision where no deformation or heat generation occurs. |
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Term
| What is an inelastic collision? |
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Definition
| involves deformation and/or heat generation |
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Term
| What makes up everything in the universe? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Anything that has mass and volume.
His definition: substance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the equation for work? |
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Definition
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Term
| When calculating work, does the path matter? |
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Definition
No, the path taken does not matter only the final distance matters.
Example - If you picked up a rock in the back yard and carried it to the front yard then took it back and put it in the exact place you first picked it up, you have done ZERO work. |
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Term
| If you lift an object 6 feet off the ground, you've done twice as much work as lifting that object 3 feet off the ground. Why? |
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Definition
| Because the distance has doubled. |
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Term
| If you are holding a 500 Newton barbell over your head, how much work are you doing, why? |
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Definition
| You are doing NO WORK because the distance is zero. |
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Term
| What are the units for work? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of how fast work is done |
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Term
| WHat is the equation for power? |
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Definition
| Power = Work done/time interval |
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Term
| Twice the power means that the same amount of work can be done in _______ the time, or twice the ___________ can be done in the same amount of time. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the unit for power? |
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Definition
joule/second
- or -
Watts |
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Term
| How many Watts are in 1 Horsepower? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the unit for energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two types of energy are mechanical energy? |
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Definition
| kinetic energy and potential energy |
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Term
| What is potential energy? |
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Definition
| Energy that is stored by an object relative to another object |
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Term
| What is gravitational potential energy? |
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Definition
| The potential energy of an object due to an elevated position |
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Term
| The amount of gravitational potential energy possessed by an object is equal to what? |
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Definition
| the work done against gravity in lifting it |
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Term
| What is the equation for Potential energy and why? |
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Definition
Work = force x distance
Force = mass x acceleration
The distance is obviosly the height and acceleration means the acceleration of gravity
SO if you plug in the equation for force into the equation for work.. you get
Potential Energy = mass x gravity x height |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the equation for Kinetic Energy? |
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Definition
| Kinetic Energy = 1/2 of the mass X velocity2 |
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Term
| If velocity is doubled, what happens to the kinetic energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Work-Energy Thereom? |
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Definition
States that
Work = the change in Kinetic Energy |
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Term
| What is the Law of Conservation of Energy? |
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Definition
| "Energy can not be created or destroyed; it may be transferred from one form to another, but the total amount of energy never changes." |
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Term
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Definition
| devices for multiplying or changing the direction of forces |
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Term
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Definition
| because you can apply a small force over a large distance to create a large force over a small distance |
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Term
| What is the equation for efficiency? |
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Definition
Efficiency =
useful energy output / total energy input |
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Term
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Definition
| any disturbance that transmitts energy through matter or space |
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Term
| When a wave travels, does it take the material through which it traveled with it? |
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Definition
No.
For example, sound waves often travel through air, but the air does not travel with the sound. |
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Term
| As a wave travels, what does its energy do work on? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a substance though which a wave can travel, and can be a solid, liquid, or gas |
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Term
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Definition
| The back and forth movement of a particle |
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Term
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Definition
| particles vibrate and pass energy to the particles next to them and those particles vibrate and pass energy to particles next to them , and so on and so forth. |
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Term
| What is a mechanical wave? |
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Definition
| A wave that requires a medium to travel |
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Term
| What are some examples of a mechanical wave? |
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Definition
| sound waves and waves in an ocean or lake |
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Term
| What is an electromagnetic wave? |
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Definition
| A wave that requires no medium to travel. |
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Term
| What are some examples of electromagnetic waves? |
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Definition
| visible light, microwaves, radio waves, and X rays |
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Term
| What is a transverse wave? |
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Definition
| A wave where the particles vibrate up and down perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling |
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Term
| What is the highest point of a wave? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the lowest points of waves called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are longitudinal waves? |
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Definition
| waves where the particles vibrate back and forth along the path that the waves travel |
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Term
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Definition
| A section where the particles become crowded together in waves |
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Term
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Definition
| A section where the particles are spread out in a wave |
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Term
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Definition
the maximum distance a wave vibrates from its rest position
the larger the amplitude the "taller" the wave and the more energy it carries |
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Term
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Definition
the distance between any two adjacent crests or compressions in a series of waves
also the distance between any two adjacent troughs or rarefactions |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of waves produced in a given amount of time |
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Term
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Definition
| the time it takes a wave to complete one back-and-forth oscillation |
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