Term
| Name the steps of the scientific method in order. |
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Definition
1. Observation
2. Question
3. Hypothesis
4. Prediction
5. Experiment
6. Explanation |
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Term
| A scientific theory is... |
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Definition
| a well tested explanation that may be revised as new evidence is discovered. |
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Term
The synthesis of several hypotheses that have been tested but never proven to be false is called a... |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements about technology is NOT true?
a. answers questions
b. solves practical problems
c. seeks to create, design, build
d. puts science to use through tools |
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Definition
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Term
As an object falls freely (in the absence of air resistance) it
a. velocity increases
b. acceleration increases
c. both a and b are correct
d. none are correct |
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Definition
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Term
| A quantity divided by time is a ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Motion along a straight-line path is called _______ motion. |
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Definition
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Term
| Motion is relative to the _________ of the ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| When we say something is in respect to, we mean it is _________ to. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A measure of how fast something is moving. |
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Term
| Define instantaneous speed. |
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Definition
| speed of an object at any instant |
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Term
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Definition
| The speed of an object in a given direction. |
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Term
| What is the difference between speed and velocity? |
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Definition
| Velocity, in addition to measuring speed, measures it in a specific direction. |
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Term
| Give the formula for speed. |
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Definition
Speed = distance divided by time
s=d/t |
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Term
| Give the formula for acceleration. |
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Definition
change in velocity/ change in time
a=(c)v / (c)t |
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Term
| Give the formula for final speed. |
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Definition
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Term
| Give the formula for average speed. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the force of gravity? (answer is a number) |
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Definition
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Term
| Give the formula for the instantaneous speed of a falling object. |
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Definition
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Term
| Give the formula for vertical distance fallen. |
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Definition
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Term
| Give the formula for horizontal distance traveled. |
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Definition
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Term
| A water balloon is dropped from a second story window. What is the speed of the water balloon after 2.5 seconds? What is the average speed of the water balloon after 2.5 seconds? How far has the balloon fallen in this amount time? |
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Definition
speed → (19.6+29.4)
2
av. speed → vi+vf
2
distance fallen → d= 1/2gt2
d=1/2(9.8)2.52
d=12.25 |
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Term
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Definition
| motion along a curved path |
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Term
An airplane is flying 200 km/h north. If it flies directly into a 50 km/h...
TAILWIND, what is its speed?
HEADWIND, what is its speed? |
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Definition
TAILWIND= 250 km/h
HEADWIND= 150 km/h |
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Term
| A vector is a quantity that has _____ ___________ and direction. |
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Definition
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Term
| A scalar is a ________ that has ___________ only. |
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Definition
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Term
| When representing velocity as a vector, the length of the vector represents the __________ of the __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| You throw a ball straight up into the air with an initial speed of 20 m/s. What is the ball's acceleration at the highest point in its trajectory? |
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Definition
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Term
| One Newton is equal to 1... |
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Definition
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Term
An object that has a WEIGHT of 9.8 N has a mass of:
a. 10 kg
b. 9.8 kg
c. 0.1 kg
d. 1 kg |
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Definition
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Term
| It is just as hard to push a car on the moon as it is to push the same car on earth because the _____ of the car is ______________ of _________. |
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Definition
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Term
An object that has a mass of 20 kg has a weight of
a. 196 N
b. 19.6 N
c. 1.96 N |
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Definition
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Term
| Give the formula for acceleration. |
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Definition
change in velocity
time interval
a=v/t |
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Term
| What is the cause of acceleration? |
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Definition
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Term
| The combination of forces acting on an object is the ___ _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Acceleration is ________ proportional to ___ force. |
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Definition
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Term
| If the force on an object doubles, the acceleration _______. |
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Definition
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Term
For a given force, the acceleration produced is ______________________
________________. |
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Definition
| inversely proportional to the mass. |
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Term
Define inversely proportional and give an example.
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Definition
The two values change in opposite directions.
Example: If the force is 3 N, the acceleration will be 1/3 m/s2. |
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Term
| What units do we use for force, weight and acceleration? |
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Definition
force= Newtons
weight= kg
acceleration= m/s2 |
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Term
| ______ was the first to realize that the acceleration produced when we move something depends not only on how hard we push or pull, but also on the object's ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Give this chapter's formula for acceleration. |
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Definition
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Term
| Liquids and gases are called _______ because they both flow. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the friction acting on something moving through air |
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Term
| A diagram showing all the forces acting on an object is called a ________ _______. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of force per unit of area. |
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Term
| We measure pressure in _______, which is newtons/sq.m. |
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Definition
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Term
| When an object stops accelerating, it has reached its _________ _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Define terminal velocity. |
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Definition
| terminal speed with the direction of motion |
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Term
| Give the formula for force. |
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Definition
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Term
| Friction is the force due to surface ______________. It is caused by two objects rubbing _______ each other. |
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Definition
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Term
| Acceleration is _______________ to force and _________ proportional to mass. |
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Definition
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Term
| There is higher resistance at higher ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Constant velocity in presence of friction occurs when the applied _____ is equal to force of _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The short formula for pressure is... |
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Definition
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Term
| The units for pressure are ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| If action and reaction forces are ________ to the system, they cancel each other and produce no ___________ of the system. |
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Definition
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Term
| Action and reaction forces do not ______ each other when either is external to the _______ being considered. |
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Definition
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Term
A wagon that is moving at a constant velocity has a net force
a. greater than the force of friction
b. equal to the force of friction
c. equal to the weight of the object
d. equal to zero |
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Definition
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Term
| As mass increases, acceleration ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Compared to the acceleration of the car, the acceleration of the bug after striking the windshield is... |
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Definition
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Term
| When a soccer ball is kicked, the action and reaction forces do not cancel each other out because... |
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Definition
| they act on different objects |
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Term
| Newton's Third Law says... |
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Definition
| whenever one object exerts a force on another object, the object pushes back with the same force. |
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Term
| A force of 3 N accelerates a mass of 3 kg at the rate of 1 m/s2. The acceleration of a mass of 6 kg acted upon by a force of 6 N is... |
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Definition
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Term
| A rocket is able to accelerate in the vacuum of space when it fires its engines. The force that propels the rock is the force of the _________ ______ on the ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does momentum refer to? |
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Definition
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Term
| Give the formula for momentum in words. |
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Definition
| momentum= mass times velocity (or speed) |
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Term
| Write the formula for momentum. |
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Definition
p=mv
where p refers to momentum, m is mass, and and v is velocity. |
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Term
| The formula for impulse is: |
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Definition
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Term
| Impulse is _______ times _____ __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Impulse = change in ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Impulse is _______ force times ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Impulse is measured in __. |
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Definition
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Term
| Impact refers to a _____ and is measured in ________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The time in which momentum is brought to zero. |
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Term
Impulses are greater when an object...
(hint: BOING!) |
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Definition
| bounces. More impulse is required for an object to bounce than to simply stop moving. |
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Term
| The law of conservation of momentum states that... |
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Definition
| In the absence of an external force, the momentum of a system remains unchanged. |
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Term
| If no ___ force or net _______ acts on a system, the momentum of that system _______ change. |
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Definition
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Term
| When a quantity in physics (such as momentum) does not change, we say it is _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| When objects collide without being permanently deformed and without generating heat: |
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Definition
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Term
| When colliding objects become tangled or coupled together. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The formula for inelastic collisions is: |
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Definition
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Term
| The formula for elastic collisions is... |
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Definition
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Term
| Work is defined as _______ times ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What will happen to the kinetic energy of a car if its velocity doubles? |
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Definition
| KE increases by 4x (quadruples.) |
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Term
| Formula for kinetic energy. |
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Definition
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Term
| Potential energy is energy based on an objects _________ or ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Kinetic energy is energy based on an object's _________. |
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Definition
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Term
Machines allow a person to use less input force when performing a task because they:
a. can change the direction of the force
b. increase magnitude of the force
c. BOTH a and b
d. NEITHER a and b |
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Definition
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Term
| The amount of useful work of a certain machine is 40J. What is the efficiency of the machine if the total work input was 200J? (answer is a percent) |
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Definition
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Term
| The amount of PE possessed by an elevated object is equal to the _____ done to _____ the object. |
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Definition
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Term
| Winny uses a simple lever to lift a 100N object. Winny pushes down a distance of 2m using 20 N of force. How high is the 100N object lifted off the ground? |
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Definition
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Term
| All simple machines work ideally on the principle that work ______ equals ______ _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Winny can lift barrels a vertical distance of 1m or can roll them up a 2m long ramp to the same elevation. If she uses the ramp, the applied force required is... |
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Definition
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Term
| The ratio of output force to input force of a simple machine is called the ____________ ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
AMA/TMA×100
OR
worko/worki × 100 |
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Term
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Definition
| input distance/output distance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| A car traveling at 50 km/h skids 15 m. How far will the car skid if its speed doubles to 100 km/h? |
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Definition
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Term
| What will happen to the kinetic energy of a car if its velocity doubles? |
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Definition
| KE increases by 4x (quadruples.) |
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Term
| Potential energy is energy based on an objects _________ or ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Kinetic energy is energy based on an object's _________. |
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Definition
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Term
Machines allow a person to use less input force when performing a task because they:
a. can change the direction of the force
b. increase magnitude of the force
c. BOTH a and b
d. NEITHER a and b |
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Definition
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Term
| The amount of useful work of a certain machine is 40J. What is the efficiency of the machine if the total work input was 200J? (answer is a percent) |
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Definition
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Term
| The amount of PE possessed by an elevated object is equal to the _____ done to _____ the object. |
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Definition
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Term
| Winny uses a simple lever to lift a 100N object. Winny pushes down a distance of 2m using 20 N of force. How high is the 100N object lifted off the ground? |
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Definition
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Term
| All simple machines work ideally on the principle that work ______ equals ______ _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Winny can lift barrels a vertical distance of 1m or can roll them up a 2m long ramp to the same elevation. If she uses the ramp, the applied force required is... |
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Definition
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Term
| The ratio of output force to input force of a simple machine is called the ____________ ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
AMA/TMA×100
OR
worko/worki × 100 |
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Term
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Definition
| input distance/output distance |
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Term
| An ____ is the straight line around which rotation takes place. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between rotation and revolution? |
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Definition
| Rotation is on an internal axis, but revolution is on an external axis. |
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Term
| _______ speed is distance moved per unit of time. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ speed is the number of rotations per unit of time. |
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Definition
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Term
| Speed of something moving along a circular path can be called ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Any force that causes an object to travel along a circular path is called a _______________ force. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
"center-seeking"
OR
"toward the center" |
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Term
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Definition
"center-fleeing"
OR
"away from the center" |
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Term
| The higher the center of gravity, the ______ the stability will be. |
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Definition
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Term
| Three kinds of equilibrium: |
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Definition
1. Stable equilibrium
2. Unstable equilibrium
3. Neutral equilibrium |
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Term
| Describe STABLE equilibrium. |
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Definition
| low center of gravity, work is required to raise the CG |
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Term
| Describe UNSTABLE equilibrium. |
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Definition
| higher CG, any movement lowers the CG. |
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Term
| Describe NEUTRAL equilibrium. |
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Definition
| movement neither raises nor lowers the CG. |
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Term
| A ball that is whirled on the end of a string moves in a circle because the _________ of the string creates an ________ force on the ball. |
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Definition
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Term
| If a car is traveling in a circle at a constant speed, the net force on the car is directed _______ because the car is traveling in a circle. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which has a greater rotation speed: a horse nearer the outside rail of a carousel or a horse near the inside rail of a carousel? |
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Definition
| Neither, they both have the same rotational speed. |
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Term
Which has a greater tangential/linear speed: a horse nearer the outside rail of a carousel or a horse near the inside rail of a carousel?
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Definition
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Term
| An object wants its COG to be ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the centripetal force of a 2 kg tether ball that is connected to a 3 m long piece of rope and is hit with a velocity of 3 m/s? |
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Definition
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Term
Which object will experience the greatest acceleration down an inclined plane?
a. object with large rotational inertia
b. object with small rotation inertia
c. Neither because acceleration is dependent of rotational inertia. |
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Definition
| b. an object with a small rotational inertia |
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Term
| Torque is defined as _____ perpendicular times _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Force causes acceleration; torque causes __________. |
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Definition
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Term
Which object will experience the greatest acceleration down an inclined plane?
a. and object with a large rotational inertia
b. an object with a small rotational inertia
c. NEITHER because acceleration is independent of rotational inertia |
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Definition
| b. an object with a small rotational inertia |
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Term
| Angular momentum is defined as... |
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Definition
| rotational inertia time rotational velocity |
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Term
| An object will maintain its angular momentum unless acted upon by an unbalanced... |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did Newton think there was a force acting on the moon? |
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Definition
| Because the moon moves in a curved path instead of a straight line. |
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Term
| Newton reasoned that the gravitational attraction between Earth and the moon must be ____________ or ___________ by distance. |
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Definition
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Term
| Since Earth is attracted to the sun, why doesn't it fall into the sun? |
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Definition
| Because it has sufficient tangential velocity. |
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Term
| If the mass of the earth increased, with no change in the radial distance, your weight would... |
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Definition
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Term
| If the radius of earth decreased, with no change in mass, your weight would _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The moon and earth move toward each other under mutual gravitation: which has the greater force? |
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Definition
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Term
| Suppose the gravitational force between two massive spheres is 100 N. If the distance between the spheres is doubled, what is the force between the masses? |
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Definition
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Term
| By noticing the perturbations of known planets, astronomers using the law of gravitation were able to discover the __________ of other planets and _____, such as Pluto and Uranus' ______. |
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Definition
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Definition
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