Term
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Definition
| Minerals are building blocks of rocks. Most rocks are one or more kinds of minerals. |
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Term
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| Elements are building blocks of minerals. Most minerals are made of more than one element. |
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Term
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Definition
| Made of Crystal-ordered array of atoms-they have to be in a specific arrangement. |
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Term
| Physical Properties of Minerals |
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Definition
1. Crystal Form-orderly arrangement of atoms. Every mineral has its own unique crystal form.
2. Hardness-resistance of mineral to being scratched or its ability to scratch other minerals. (Mohs Scale of Hardness)
3. Cleavage-tendency for a mineral to break along a plane of weakness
4. Luster-the appearance of the mineral's surface as it reflects light.
5. Color-Most obvious, least reliable. Streak-color will always streak (powdered form) the same color.
6. Specific gravity-density. How heavy something feels for its size. |
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Definition
| Shows how hard a mineral is. 1-10. 1 soft 10-hard (diamond) |
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Term
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Definition
| two or more minerals that contain same elements in same proportions but have different crystal structure. Graphite and diamonds are an example. They way they bond is different, but same elements, same amounts. |
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Definition
| a break anywhere, not on a cleavage plane |
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Term
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Definition
1. Igneous
2. Sedimentary
3. Metamorphic |
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Term
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Definition
| Volcanic rock, formed from the cooling and crytallization of magma or lava. |
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Term
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Definition
| Liquid Rock on inside of Earth's surface. |
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Definition
| Melted Rock outside Earth's surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| Point at which a substance changes from solid to liquid. |
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Term
| Factors that affect a rock's melting point |
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Definition
1. The pressure place on the rock. Must be a ot greater temperature for high pressure.
2. Amount of water trapped in the rock. Hight water content=lower tempt to melt as the water has a low melting point (33 degrees) |
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Term
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Definition
1. Extrusive-form at Earth's surface
Fissure eruption-outpouring of basaltic lava, occurring usually on ocean floor. El Malpais is example of one not under ocean.
Volcanoes-shield-built by a steady supply of very fluid lavea with gentle slope. (Mauna Loa)
Cinder cone-very steep, rarely rise above 300m or 900 ft. Abq volcanoes
Composite Volcano-very violent eruption, very thick magma-Mt. St. Helens
2. Intrusive-form beneath Earth's surface.
Granite is intruisive rock. Magma flows up crack from underneath, discovered after uplift and erosion have occurred. |
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Term
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Definition
| Igneous Rock formation like Shiprock |
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Term
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Definition
Forms from weathering and erosion of pre-existing rock.
Mechanical-physical breaking rock into smaller pieces from wind, boulders falling or heating and cooling. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reactions with water decomposes rock into smaller pieces. |
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Term
| Types of Sedimentary rock |
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Definition
Clastic-composed of small fragments of pre-existing rocks. (Most form in water)
Sandstone and conglomerate
Chemical |
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Term
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Definition
| As the weight of the overlying sediment presses down upon deeper layers, sediment grains are squeezed and compacted together. |
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Definition
| As the sediment grains are squeezed together, water seeps out throught the spaces between the rocks and cements them together. |
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Definition
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| Chemical Sedimentary Rock |
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Definition
| Formed by the precipitation of minerals from water. |
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Definition
Form from biological activity-where petroleum products are. Coal/Oil
Exoskeletons are carbonates, are deposited and compact, then fossilize. fossils are in sedimentary rock. |
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Term
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Definition
| Formed when a salt or saline lake or body of water evaporates-like salt, halite, gypsum |
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Term
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Definition
| Series of changes rocks can go through, changing from one type to another. Igneous to sedimentary or metamorphic. Sedimentary to metamorphic or igneous. Metamorphic to igneous or sedimentary. |
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Term
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Definition
| Form when igneous, sedimentary or other metamporphic rocks undergo change. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when rocks are subjected to high temperatures and go through a change in mineral assemblage. Closer to mantle, some kinds of heat source, partial melting, creates totally new rock. |
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Term
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Definition
| metamorphic rock occurs when rocks are subjected to stress, tremendous amounts of pressure, or heat and pressure. Look like they've been cooked. Marble is metmorphic limestone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Orderly internal arrangement of atoms in a crystal. |
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