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| South America - Dryest desert in the world |
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No more that 15% vegetation
Less that 25 cm rain/year
No permanent streams |
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| Largest desert - North Africa |
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| Low latitude temperatures greater than 20 C |
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| High latitude or proximity to cold oceans. Temperatures lower than 20 C |
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| Any kind of unconsolidated debris that covers bedrock |
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| Air gives up moisture on coastal montains leading no moisture left on the far side of the mountain. |
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| Cold ocean water sucks heat out of the atmosphere reducing its capacity to hold moisture. The air is so dry when it reaches the coast. Chili and Peru |
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| Little water = little chemical weathering. Minerals are not washed away. Precipitate to calcite. |
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| Coatings on rocks composed of Fe and Mg. Native Americans scraped away the coating to make Petroglyphs |
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| Desert in arizona that has oxidized iron (Fe). |
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Definition
water (ephermeral streas and supending sediment. Wind is the second cause of the erosion
wind |
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Definition
| Lowering land surface by wind erosion. Finer particles are carried further. Abrasion. |
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Definition
| Deep bowl-like depressing in the desert (caused by wind?) |
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| Rocks or bushes slow down wind-blown sand which is deposited on the obstruction. The dunes grow if the winds persist. |
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| Side of a dune opposite the wind direction |
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| Crescent shaped dune whose tips point downward |
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| Dunes formed when winds change directions. |
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| Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian |
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Definition
| Fine particles of silt or sand that do not deposit in dunes. If these particles settle in a layer a fertile region may result |
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| Seamount. Undersea folcoano that built up above sea level and was eroded by waves to producing a flat top. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mohorovicic Discontinuity. Boundary between Mantle and Crust |
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Term
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Definition
| Break in rock with no relative movement on either side |
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Definition
| Groups of rocks. Formation with one type of rock would carry the rock name (Kaibab Limestone). Otherwise a location is used with the name |
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Definition
| Larege mammals; humanoids' 2.6 million years ago; 20-30 glaciations occured. |
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| Earliest Documented Ice age |
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Definition
| Snowball earth (ice over entire globe). Proterozoic Perro: 850 630 million years ago |
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Term
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Definition
| Huron ice age during Paleogre Period. 2.7 -2.3 billion years ago. |
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Definition
| Geological evidence: scouring and scratching, moraines, deposition of till and glacial erratic |
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Term
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Definition
| Warm water. Live animal secrets equitol calcite shells. Only the surface is alive. Capture sediment. |
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Term
| Composition of beach sand |
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Definition
most common: quartz and orthoclase; coral and basalt.
Atlantic coast - white sand quartz. Gulf of mexioc shells. Hawaii - black |
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Term
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Definition
| Seaward flow at right angle to the shoreline |
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Term
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Definition
| Long shore currents carry loose sediment which is deposited in open water as a sandbar |
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Term
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| Occur when waves strike headlands at angles other than 90 degrees |
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Definition
| Rock particles are eroded out of rocks at sealevel |
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Definition
| Ledges that have eroded in to liitle islands |
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| Hollow out rock creating a ledge above sea level |
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| Sea has risen or land has sunk |
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| Submerged flat-topped seamount |
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| Sediment that contains 30% plant or animal shell materiald with CaCO3 |
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| Horizontal suraface under ocean. 4.5 km deep |
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| Continental shelf connects with the deep ocean floor (Abyssal plane) through the steep slope. |
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Definition
| Sloping part of the continet that extends frome the shoreline to the continental slope. Debth less than 500 meters |
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Term
| Isostasy Oceanic lithopshere is denser and thinner than continental lithospher |
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Definition
| Oceanic lithopshere is denser and thinner than continental lithosphere so it lies with its surface lower. Oceanic light |
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Term
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Definition
| Variation of debth of the ocean. Measured by sonar |
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Term
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Definition
Most caused by winds blowing over the surace transfering frictin energy to the water creating waves.
Seismic activity also creats waves |
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Term
| Ocean currents caused by? |
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Definition
Wind; Earth's rotation, moons gravitational pull, underwater earthquakes
Sun's heat (convection) |
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Term
| Salt Water 3.5% dissolved sal and CuS)4 |
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Definition
| 3.5% dissolved salt and CuSO4. Ocean water is denser than fresh water |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) Coreolis effect due to rotation of earth. 2) Wind generated currents move clockwise in N. Hemisphere & counter clockwise in S. Hemisphere |
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Term
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Definition
Gulf Stream - warm current in Atlantic carries warm water north to Atlantic coast. Cool water sinks and new warmer water replaces it.
California current. Colc curren that flows south. |
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Term
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Definition
Water flows from denser areas to less dense ares
Water flows from high salinity to lower salinity |
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Term
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Definition
| Flow in opposite direction of curace currents. Generated by density and temperature gradient. Density increases with debth and temperature decreases |
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Definition
| Currents in upper layer of the ocean influence weather patterns. Currents are shallow rivers that continuously move along the ocean surface |
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Definition
| Pacific Basin, Atlantic Basin, Indian Basin, Southern and Arctic |
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Term
| % Earth's surface covered by oceans |
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Definition
| 71% 99% of all water on earth comes from ice and sea water |
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Definition
| Earth's crust being force apart |
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Term
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Definition
Biggest Planet
No solid surface
60 moons |
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Term
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Definition
Closest planet to sun
Core is similar to earth
Eccentric orbit |
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| No longer considered a planet because its inability to capture other objects in its orbital |
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Gaseous planet
Moon (Triton) has geyzers
Triton rotates oppositely |
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Definition
| Gaseous planet. Spins differently than other planets. Rings are eliptical |
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| Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, & Neptune |
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Definition
| Gaseous planet with 35 moons |
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| Closest planet to earth with acid rain and volcanos. Atmosphere is CO2 |
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