Term
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Definition
-flows of energy and/or matter
-a boundary separating the contents of the system from the external environment
-internal transformation |
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Term
| Give an example of what is not true about systems |
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Definition
| when outpout is greater than input, storage will increase |
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Term
| Body temp increases, you sweat. Is this positive or negative? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is not caused by the rotation of earth? |
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Definition
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Term
| The angular distance along a parallel between the prime meridian and a given point on the globe is the ___ of that point |
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Definition
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Term
| A north-south line on the earth's surface that connects the poles is a .. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _______ Solstice occurs when the subsolar point is at 23.5 degrees south |
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Definition
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Term
| The article circle is at 66.5 degrees N experiences 24 hours of day in the ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Meridians of longitude are all parallel to each other and parallels of latitude intersect at the poles |
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Definition
FALSE
meridians of longitude intersect at poles
parallels of latitude are parallel |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What coordinate does NOT represent a point that actually exists on the earth |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 0-90 degrees North to South |
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Term
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Definition
A state of balance between opposing forces
A tendency of a system to vary around a stable average condition |
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Term
| When someone describes an idea or theory it means that.. |
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Definition
| it is a unifying concept that predicts and helps to explain a broad range of evidence |
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Term
| What sphere intersects all of the others? |
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Definition
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Term
| The imaginary straight line that runs through the center of the earth? |
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Definition
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Term
| An east-west circle on the Earth's surface that lies in a plan parallel to the equator is a... |
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Definition
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Term
| The angular distance along a meridian between the equator and a given point is the ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Earth rotates ___ degrees in 1 hour |
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Definition
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Term
| Seasons are primarily the result of |
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Definition
| the tilt of the earth's axis |
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Term
| A great circle is ___ to the circum. of the earth |
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Definition
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Term
| A system of parallels and meridians that are superimposed on the earth's surface on a globe or map is... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 23.5 degrees away from the perpendicular to the plane of the eliptic |
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Term
| One degree of latitude (measured along a meridian) represents pretty much the same distance anywhere on the earth's surface, but one degree of longitude (measured along a parallel) represents different distances on the surface depending on the latitude where the measurement is made. True or false? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not a great circle or part of a great circle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is an accurate projection with respect to shape, size and direction? |
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Definition
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Term
| Eratosthenes figured out a way to do what? |
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Definition
| Estimate the earth's circumference |
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Term
| Why is water considered such an important part of the earth system? |
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Definition
| ...all of the above are true |
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Term
| What is the plane of the ecliptic? |
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Definition
| the plane defined by the earth's orbit around the sun |
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Term
| What is the highest latitude at which the sun is ever seen directly overhead in either hemisphere? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the earth's diameter were only half as large as it is now, how many degrees of latitude would separate the equator from the North Pole? |
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Definition
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Term
| On which of the following dates is the sun directly overhead at noon on the equator? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (None of the above).. Dec. 21st |
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Term
| When does everywhere experience 12hrs day and 12hrs of night? |
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Definition
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Term
| How high is the sun in the sky on June 21 at latitude 75 degrees South? |
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Definition
| the sun is not above the horizon |
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Term
| The earh reaches periphelion at? |
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Definition
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Term
| What has the shortest wavelength? |
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Definition
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Term
| With increasing temperature, what happens to the emission of radiant energy? |
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Definition
| the amount emitted increases and the wavelength becomes shorter |
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Term
| The max intensity of solar radiation occurs in what part of the electromagnetic spectrum? |
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Definition
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Term
| The earth emits mainly.... radiation |
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Definition
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Term
| shortwave radiation includes.. |
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Definition
| visible, uv, near infared |
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Term
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Definition
| more radiation would be infared |
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Term
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Definition
| the rate at which solar energy approaching the earth passes through a unit surface area above the earth's atmosphere per unit time |
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Term
| Which latitude receives the highest daily maximum (i.e. maximum for any single day, not average daily) amount of insolation over the course of the year? |
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Definition
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Term
| Latitudes closer to the equator than about 40 degrees have a surplus of net radiation when averaged over the year. What happens to that surplus energy? |
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Definition
| it drives the circulation of the atmosphere and ocean surface, which carry surplus energy toward higher latitudes in the form of latent and sensible heat |
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Term
| What controls annual variation of insolation at the top of the atmosphere for any given latitude? |
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Definition
| variations in the angle of incidence of the sun's rays and in the duration of daylight |
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Term
| Daily net radiation averaged over the course of the year is highest where? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the third-most abundant gas in the atmosphere? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which layer of the atmosphere does temperature RISE with INCREASING altitude? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| boundary between tropo and strato |
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Term
| Normal lapse rate is the average rate of decline of atmospheric pressure in the troposphere with increasing altitude; environmental lapse rate is the rate that would be observed at a specific place and time. |
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Definition
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Term
| Atmospheric pressure at sea level is |
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Definition
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Term
| What are we actually measuring when we measure atmospheric pressure? |
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Definition
| atmospheric pressure is the weight of the column of air above a specific point, per unit of surface area |
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Term
| Which of the following best describes how atmospheric pressure changes with increasing altitude? |
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Definition
| within the first 10 miles above the surface, atmospheric pressure drops to about 10% of the atmospheric pressure at sea level and then continues to drop even further at higher altitudes |
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Term
| The change in pressure per kilometer of altitude in the atmosphere is the same no matter where in the atmosphere you measure that change |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the correct explanation for the observed trend in temperature of the stratosphere? |
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Definition
| temperature increases with altitude because the ozone layer in the stratosphere absorbs ultraviolet radiation, which in turn heats the air and raises the temperature |
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Term
| Which of the following pictures best represents the trend of atmospheric temperature (horizontal axis) with increasing altitude (vertical axis) from the surface to an altitude of about 120 km? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the choices in the previous question best represents the trend of atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is most commonly responsible for a visible buildup of pollutants and smog in the lower atmosphere? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does the Antarctic ozone hole typically develop and reach its maximum extent from September into early October? |
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Definition
| chlorine ions derived from CFC emissions are trapped by ice crystals in polar stratospheric clouds through the winter; the ice crystals then melt in spring, releasing Cl ions to react with ozone molecules |
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Term
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Definition
carbon monoxide
nitrogen oxide
ozone
SO2 |
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Term
| Which of the following statements is NOT true? |
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Definition
| Despite efforts to regulate sources of air pollution there has been no improvement at all in the acid precipitation problem in the eastern U.S. over the last several decades |
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Term
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Definition
extremely small particles suspended in the air
associated with both natural and anthropogenic sources of atmospheric pollution
potentially dangerous to human health, especially at the smallest sizes |
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Term
| If the sun were cooler than it is |
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Definition
| More of the sun's incoming radiation would be infared |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What process is responsible for the sky being blue and sunsets are yellow? |
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Definition
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Term
| What has the lowest albedo? |
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Definition
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Term
| What quantity is calculated by summing insolation and downward longwave radiation, then subtracting reflected shortwave and emitted upward longwave radiation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What fraction of shortwave radiation reaching the earth is returned to space as longwave radiation? |
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Definition
| a little more than two thirds |
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Term
| The sky as seen from the daylit side of the moon is black; this is not true on the earth because of what process? |
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Definition
| Scattering (it's always fucking scattering!) |
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Term
| The bending of light rays as they pass through a gas or a liquid is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Transmission of heat energy between one material substance and another by direct contact, or from one part of an object to another, is ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Heat energy transmitted by a moving fluid, particularly through vertical currents caused by heating, is called |
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Definition
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Term
| the amount of energy leaving the earth's surface as latent heat is equal to the amount of shortwave radiation absorbed at the earth's surface.. T/F? |
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Definition
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Term
T/F?
some SW that was absorbed by the earth's surface is emitted upward by the surface as shortwave radiation |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is the least efficient means of transmitting heat energy? |
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Definition
| conduction (conductors touching ;b) |
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Term
| Which of the following is likely to have the highest emission of sensible heat on an annual basis? |
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Definition
hot ass places..
subtropical deserts (i.e. close to the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn) |
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Term
True or false?
large-scale motions of the atmosphere and oceans are driven by the imbalance between latitudinal regions with energy surpluses and others with energy deficits |
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Definition
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Term
C-> F equation
F--> C equation
A temperature of 20 degrees Celsuis is equivalent to |
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Definition
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Term
| How do clouds affect the earth's radiation balance? |
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Definition
Reflect incoming SW
Absorb LW from Earth
Re-emit abosrbed longwave
..Net Albedo and Greenhouse
ALL! |
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Term
maximum daily temperature usually occurs at least a couple of hours after maximum insolation
True or False? |
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Definition
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Term
| Daily max of temperature occurs when in relation to net radiation |
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Definition
| temperature continues to rise as long as net radiation is positive and begins to decline when net radiation becomes negative |
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Term
| At what time of day do we usually experience minimum daily temperature? |
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Definition
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Term
| Latitudes closer to the equator than about 40 degrees have a surplus of net radiation when averaged over the year. What happens to that surplus energy? |
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Definition
| it drives the circulation of the atmosphere and ocean surface, which carry surplus energy toward higher latitudes in the form of latent and sensible heat |
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Term
| Temperature more than about 30 cm below the ground surface |
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Definition
| experiences almost no temperature change during a typical daily cycle of heating and cooling at the surface. |
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Term
True or false?
higher amounts of sensible heat emitted in rural areas than in urban areas explains typical observed differences in temperatures between urban and rural areas |
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Definition
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Term
| Temperatures at maritime locations tend to be milder than at continental locations because |
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Definition
Water has a high specific heat
Solar energy can penetrate
Vertical mixing ;)
more of solar radiation is obsorbed by water bodies |
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Term
| When isotherms are closer together on a map there is |
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Definition
| large temperature gradient |
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Term
| Cooling of the land surface on a clear night may cause _____ by just before dawn. |
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Definition
| temperature inversion..LID! |
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Term
| Temperature differences between equatorial and polar latitudes |
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Definition
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Term
| If the earth had no oceans, |
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Definition
| seasonal temperature variations would be much larger than they are now |
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Term
T/F
Isotherms over land shift toward the equator in winter and toward the poles in summer. |
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Definition
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Term
T/F
Seasonal isotherm shifts toward the poles or equator are greater over the oceans than they are over land. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are isotherms generally more irregular in the northern hemisphere and more concentric and simple in the southern hemisphere? |
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Definition
| the southern hemisphere is mostly covered by oceans with a continent on the pole, whereas the northern hemisphere has ocean at the pole but has continents alternating with oceans through most of the hemisphere |
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Term
| The annual cycle of temperature variation near an east-coast location in the midlatitudes |
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Definition
| is fairly similar to the pattern observed at a continental location and not as mild as the pattern observed at a west-coast location |
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Term
| Where on the globe would you expect to see the largest annual range of temperatures? |
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Definition
| over the high-latitude continental interiors |
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Term
T/F?
According to NASA, nine of the ten warmest years on record have happened since 2000 and 2012 is likely to be the warmest year on record. |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the annual cycle of temperature with increasing latitude? |
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Definition
temps get cooler
seasonal variations become more pronounced
Temps contrast |
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Term
| What makes the wind blow? |
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Definition
| differences in atmospheric pressure between one location and another. |
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Term
| Contour lines on a map representing location with = atmospheric pressure are called |
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Definition
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Term
| What do we call the circulation of air parallel to the isobars around a low or a high in the atmosphere? |
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Definition
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