Term
| on a food label__% or less is low. |
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Definition
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Term
| on a food label ___% or more is high. |
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Definition
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Term
| Essential fatty acids, essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals must be provided in the diet |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Provide energy
CHO, fats, proteins
Build & repair body tissues & structures
Proteins, minerals, vitamins
Regulate all the metabolic processes that maintain homeostasis & support life
Minerals, vitamins, water |
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Term
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Definition
% of Total Caloric Intake
Carbohydrates
55%
Ideal diet = 45-65%; fiber - 11 %
Fat
33%
Ideal diet < 25%; saturated fat < 10%
Protein
12%
Ideal diet 10-35% |
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Term
| American diet is high in: |
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Definition
Total Calories
Fat
Protein
Salt
Phosphate
Simple Sugars |
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Term
| 15% caloric restriction is associated with increased longevity. Effects seen on: |
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Definition
| heart, liver, kidney, spleen, skeletal muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of heat required to raise 1 kg water by 1 degree celcius |
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Term
| two major components of energy output: |
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Definition
- resting energy expenditure (REE) aka resting metabolic rate (RMR)
- physical activity |
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Term
| minor sources of energy output: |
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Definition
- thermic effect of food aka specific dynamic reaction- energy cost of metabolizing food
- shivering thermogenesis |
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Term
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Definition
accounts for 60-75% of total energy expenditure
minimum level of energy required to sustains bodys functions in a waking state
decreases2% per decade |
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Term
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Definition
| accounts for 15-30% of total energy expenditure |
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Term
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Definition
| accounts for 10% of total energy expenditure |
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Term
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Definition
Measure of energy required to maintain the body at rest
Sum of all the internal chemical activities that go on in the body plus the energy needed to fuel the brain, heart, lungs, kidneys & other vital organs whose work continues even when the body rests
Largest energy need = 60-75% of daily energy expenditure
Influenced by physical characteristics of individual & testing environment; |
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Term
| BMR is seldom measured b/c it requires: |
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Definition
Fasting state
Comfortable resting in supine position
Relaxed state (no activity for 1 hour prior)
Awake but motionless
Normal body temp; comfortable room temp |
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Term
| RMR tends to be 20% higher than BMR b/c of the energy used in digestion, absorption, metabolism of food and or delayed phsyical activity. |
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Definition
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Term
| value for calculating RMR |
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Definition
| 24 kcal/day/kg body weight |
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Term
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Definition
Taking in food stimulates body metabolism & energy is needed for digestion, absorption, metabolism, storage of nutrients
Approximately 5-10% of Kcal in a meal is used to process the meal
TEF for the macronutrients vary:
Fat = 0% to 5%
CHO = 5% to 10%
Protein = 20%-30%
Alcohol = 10%-30% |
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Term
| Exercise in which back and leg muscles are used continuously for at least 15 minutes, 3 times a week are beneficial for lowering the risk of: |
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Definition
- cardiovascular disease
- obesity
- diabetes |
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Term
| general activity is ___% of RMR. |
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Definition
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Term
| for estimated TEE add up: |
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Definition
| RMR + general activity + additional activity |
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Term
| Ideal body weight equation for males: |
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Definition
| 106 for first 5 feet + 6 pounds for each additional inch over 5 feet |
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Term
| Ideal body weight equation for females: |
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Definition
| 100 pounds for first 5 feet + 5 pounds for each additional inch over five feet |
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Term
| methods for determination of overweight/obesity: |
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Definition
Underwater weighing
Body conductivity
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Neutron activation
Skin fold calipers
Life insurance charts
Body mass index (BMI)
Waist/Hip Ratio
Infrared reflectance |
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Term
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Definition
BMI= weight in kg/ (height in meters)2
BMI= weight in pounds/ (height in inches)2 x 703
2.45 cm/inch |
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Term
| normal male and female BMI: |
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Definition
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Term
| BMIs of ___ or greater indicate ___ or more above ideal body weight. BMI values greater than or equal to 30 are considered ___. BMI values greater than or equal to 40 are considered morbidly obese. |
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Definition
27, 20%
30 obese
40 morbidly obese |
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Term
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Definition
underweight < 18.5
normal weight 18.5-24.9
overweight 25.0-29.0
obesity 30.0-34.9
obesity II 35-39.9
extreme obesity greater than or equal to 40 |
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Term
| There is no evidence that BMR has declined over the past several years. Also, no evidence of declined TEF over past several years. |
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Definition
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Term
| Risk of developing diabetes, gallstones, hypertension, heart disease, and stroke increased with severity of overweight among both women and men |
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Definition
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Term
| Risk of developing chronic diseases was evident even among adults in the upper half of the healthy weight range (i.e., BMI between 22.0-24.9) |
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Definition
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Term
| Obesity is most common form of malnutrition in the U.S. and can lead to: |
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Definition
Arterial diseases
Hypertension Adult onset diabetics (T2DM)
Fasting hyperglycemia
Hyperlipidemia
Some cancers
Osteoarthritis
Pregnancy complications
Gallbladder disease
Longevity |
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