Term
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Definition
| building blocks of proteins; only 20 of many amino acids make up proteins. Have both an amine group and an acid group. |
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Term
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Definition
| these amino acids must be obtained from the diet and cannot be made in the body; 9 essential AAs for adults. |
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Term
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Definition
| found in animal foods; contain all essential amino acids. Sources of the protein must be mixed in order to achieve complete protein i.e. mixing beans and rice. |
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Term
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Definition
| found in plant foods; are missing one or more of the essential amino acids. Not necessarily poor in quality. |
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Term
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Definition
| the essential AA in lowest concentration (in animals) or missing completely (in plants) in a certain food. |
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Term
| Protein Synthesis (alphabet analogy) |
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Definition
| if you don't have a certain letter (amino acid), you cannot make some words (proteins). |
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Term
| Protein (Nitrogen) Balance |
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Definition
| exists when nitrogen intake = nitrogen excertion. |
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Term
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Definition
| when protein intake is greater than protein excertion. Occurs during periods of growth i.e. adolescence, pregnancy, excercise training. |
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Term
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Definition
| when protein intake is less than protein excertion. Occurs during inadequate intake of protein, inadequate energy intake, illness, bed rest, deficiency of essential AAs and increased protein loss. |
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Term
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Definition
| since muscle size and strength are related to how much protein is held in the muscle and the muscle is constantly gaining and losing protein, the muscle must adapt to changes in its environment. Hence, muscle are always "turning over" to yield to current cellular demands. |
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Term
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Definition
| based upon the amino acid make up in protein sources. |
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Term
| Biological Value (BV) & Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) |
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Definition
| measures of how effectively protein sources can be digested/absorbed by the body and their essential amino acid make up i.e. the higher the number, the higher the protein quality. |
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Term
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Definition
| type of protein found in milk; considered a "fast protein" as it is absorbed into the bloodstream quickly. High levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and high BV resulting from amino acid "complete-ness," solubility and digestibility. |
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Term
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Definition
| major protein found in milk; considered "slow protein" because it clots in the stomach and is absorbed slowly into the bloodstream. High glutamine content - most abundant AA in skeletal muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| derived from plant source yet considered a complete protein; high glutamine/BCAA levels and contains isoflavones (may inhibit tumor growth and lower cholesterol). |
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