Term
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Definition
| insulin stimulates skeletal muscle and adipose tissue to take up glucose from the blood. |
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Term
| Insulin vs. Excercise-Stimulated Glucose Transport |
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Definition
| exercise is insulin independent i.e. insulin is not necessary for exercise induced glucose transport. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| blood glucose response to an oral glucose challenge; subjects given glucose solution and are subsequently tested for blood glucose and insulin levels over the following few hours. |
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Term
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Definition
| diabetics demonstrate this insulin resistance/glucose intolerance when compared to controls; they have higher blood glucose and plasma insulin concentraions. |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by hyperglycemia or elevated blood glucose levels; symptoms include excessive urination, urine with acetone odor and excessive thirst. |
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Term
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Definition
| insulin dependent; an auto-immune genetic disease that leads to destruction of pancreatic cells that produce insulin. Disease cannot be reversed due to destruction of pancreatic beta cells and patients must inject themselves with insulin regularly. Affects less than 5% of diabetics and usually manifests during teenage years. |
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Term
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Definition
| non-insulin dependent; insulin's target tissues (muscle and liver tissues) are resistant to the hormone's actions. Many patients also require insulin injections but the disease CAN be reversed or controlled with diet and exercise. Affects more than 95% of patients; called "adult onset" diabetes and is normally accompanied by obesity. |
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Term
| Macrovascular Complications from Diabetes |
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Definition
| atherosclerosis, heart attack, and stroke; more common in Type II. |
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Term
| Microvascular Complications from Diabetes |
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Definition
| involves small blood vessels, called capillaries, in eyes or kidney; more common in Type I. |
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Term
| Microvascular Complications from Diabetes: Retinopathy |
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Definition
| eye is effected; leads to blindness. |
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Term
| Microvascular Complications from Diabetes: Nephropathy |
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Definition
| kidney failure; cannot filter blood as usual. |
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Term
| Microvascular Complications from Diabetes: Neuropathy |
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Definition
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