Term
| galileo's observations were the first real evidence that showed what? |
|
Definition
| the Earth wasn't necessarily the center of the universe |
|
|
Term
| what instrument did Galileo invent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| galileo said that If moving downwards meant that an object would speed up and if moving upwards meant that an object would slow down, then, as an object moved along a flat course getting neither nearer nor farther from the center of the Earth it would neither speed up nor slow down -- that it would maintain its speed were it not for friction. What is this concept called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Galileo use to disprove Aristotle's "perfect heavens" theory? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who was responsible for the birth of modern science? |
|
Definition
| galileo - he is very famous for this! |
|
|
Term
| what three professions was galileo? |
|
Definition
| physicist, astronomer, and philosopher |
|
|
Term
| True/False: galileo invented the telescope |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Galileo said that science must be based on what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at 16 years old, Galileo discovered isocrinsity of the pendulum. What does this mean? |
|
Definition
| isocrinisty = constant period |
|
|
Term
| What did Galileo do to a pendulum that made a difference in its outcome? |
|
Definition
| the changing length of the pendulum is the only thing that caused a noticeable difference. |
|
|
Term
| Galileo said what two things are needed to prove science? |
|
Definition
| you have to observe and be able to experiment/manipulate the system |
|
|
Term
| Although Galileo didn't invent the telescope, he was the first to do what with it? |
|
Definition
| turn it productively to the sky |
|
|
Term
| who actually invented the telescope? |
|
Definition
| Hans Lippershey of Holland in 1608 |
|
|
Term
| what are the differences between his two telescopes? |
|
Definition
1st- low power
2nd- 30 power |
|
|
Term
| What were the two major problems with Galileo's telescopes? |
|
Definition
1. chromatic aberrations (producing colorful images) -- IT IS SHOWING US THINGS THAT DON"T EXIST!
2. Spherical aberrations: a spherically produced lens doesn't bring all of the light to a focus: we get objects that are slightly blurred as a result.
---- These show us something that we don't really see |
|
|
Term
| What are general problems with telescopes? |
|
Definition
telescope powers: magnifying, light gathering, resolving, etc.
limitations: small field of view and a lack of suitable mount (thus they're hard to study) |
|
|
Term
| What did Galileo discover about the moon? |
|
Definition
| he discovered craters of the moon |
|
|
Term
| True/False: Sidereve Nuncieus is Galileo's book that he wrote to draw conclusions about the universe |
|
Definition
| False: he made NO conclusions - just observations |
|
|
Term
| When Galileo looked at Venus, what did he see? |
|
Definition
| He saw all of the phases of Venus - He concluded that Venus is going through a crescent phase when it's closest to the Earth and a full phase when it's farther. CONCLUDED THAT VENUS GOES AROUND THE SUN |
|
|
Term
| If Venus is a crescent, where is it relative to the sun? Full Venus? |
|
Definition
Crescent: Sun - Earth - Venus (because the Earth's shadow is covering it and it's closer to Earth at this time)
Full: Earth - Sun - Venus (because there is no Earth shadow) |
|
|
Term
| Describe how Ptolemy and Galileo saw Mars. |
|
Definition
Mars in Ptolemaic system increases and decreases in size by two times
Mars in a Galileo system Mars increases and decreases in size by several times |
|
|
Term
| What did Galileo see on Saturn? |
|
Definition
| He saw that the "ears" of Saturn were changing because of Earth-Plane crossing of the rings. |
|
|
Term
| What planet did Galileo see first? Who was credited for the discovery? |
|
Definition
| He saw neptune but didn't know what it was. Gala in Germany was credited for it. |
|
|
Term
| What does Galileo notice about sun spots? |
|
Definition
| The sun spots are on the sun and they are changing! |
|
|
Term
| How do you know that the sun spots are actually on the sun? |
|
Definition
| fore shortening - it changes direction because the sun is moving so it appears to be changing although it's not. |
|
|
Term
| What did Galileo note about the Nebulous regions? |
|
Definition
| They were clusters of stars - To the naked eye they look like one giant star region/milky way. However, when looking through the telescope he realized the stars are actually individual stars and there are clouds around them which gives the "fuzzy" appearance. |
|
|
Term
| Who did Galileo name the moons of Jupiter after? |
|
Definition
| the Medicea Sidera family |
|
|
Term
| Why did the church dislike Galileo's book? |
|
Definition
| They said he was threatening the foundations of Christianity |
|
|
Term
| Christopher Scheiner is angry at Galileo - why? |
|
Definition
| He said he was the first to discover sun spots |
|
|
Term
| How did the cardinals of Rome argue that Galileo's moons of Jupiter weren't real? |
|
Definition
| “As there are seven holes in the head, there are seven planets in the sky. As we can see no more with our eye there can be no more” |
|
|
Term
| What Sidreeus Nuncius the main source of Galileo's problems with the church? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did Cardinal Bellarmine feel about Galileo's discoveries? |
|
Definition
| He accepted the new changed that the telescope showed - he told Galileo to teach what he saw and call it hypothetical but not to hold or defend it. |
|
|
Term
| Galileo was denounced to inquisition in 1614; what happened to Galileo as a result? |
|
Definition
| He was sent to a trial but he wasn't allowed to defend or hold his ideas, only teach his ideas. |
|
|
Term
| How did Galileo feel about Maffeo Cardinal Barberini becoming pope? |
|
Definition
| He liked it because he was his friend |
|
|
Term
| The Dislogues Concerning the Two Chief World Systems said what? |
|
Definition
| Ptolemy was VERY wrong and the logic used to defend Galileo's logic was flawless |
|
|
Term
| What systems did Galileo prove were correct? Incorrect? |
|
Definition
| ***HE DIDN’T PROVE ANY SYSTEM WAS CORRECT, HE JUST PROVED THAT THE PTOLEMAIC SYSTEM WAS INCORRECT*** |
|
|
Term
| In the book Dialogues, Galileo predicted what? |
|
Definition
| the movement of the earth - saying the sun was at the center (copernicanism) |
|
|
Term
| In the book Dialogues, Galileo contradicted what? |
|
Definition
| religious and scientific opinions of his day |
|
|
Term
| In the book Dialogues, Galileo made incontrovertible arguments based on what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Could Galileo disprove Aristotle's arguments about the Earth not moving? |
|
Definition
|
|
