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Distance between highest and lowest scores in a set of data. |
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| Project planning tool that graphically displays activities of a project in sequential order and plots them against time. |
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| Research method in which certain factors (variables) are manipulated and the results are examined. |
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| Measure that indicates how much scores in a set of data are spread out around a mean or average. |
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| Process of planning, pricing, promoting, and distributing goods and services to satisfy organizational objectives. |
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| Specific point in a distribution of data that has a given percentage of cases below it. |
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| Measure that indicates the relationship between two variables. |
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| Vehicle for collecting information on an organization's current strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. |
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| Milestones that must be achieved, usually within six months to one year, in order to reach long-term objectives. |
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| To an operations department, the ability to yield output. |
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| Describe what is important to an organization, dictate employee behavior, and create the organization's culture. |
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| Form of budgeting in which an average cost is applied to comparable expenses and general funding is changed by a specific amount. |
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| Global network that delivers products and services from raw materials to end customers through an engineered flow of information, physical distribution, and cash. |
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| Statement explaining revenues, expenses, and profits over a specified period of time, usually a year or a quarter. |
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| Process to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of HR programs and positions. |
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| For an operations department, provide the yardstick by which the amount and quality of output are measured. |
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| Human resource information system (HRIS) |
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| Systematic tool for gathering, storing, maintaining, retrieving, and revising HR data. |
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| Organization's debts and other financial obligations. |
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| Statement of a firm's financial position at a particular time. |
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| To an operations department, an after-the-fact evaluation of a company's ability to meet its own specifications and its customers' needs. |
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| Time allowed for the public to express its views and concerns regarding an action of a regulatory agency. |
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| Human resource management (HRM) |
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Definition
| Design of formal systems in an organization that ensure the effective and efficient use of human talent to accomplish organizational goals. |
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| Form of budgeting that requires that expenditures be justified for each new period and in which budgets start at zero. |
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| Process that helps an organization focus on how to succeed in the future by evaluating the organization's current status, where it would like to be, and how to get there. |
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| Average score or value in a set of data. |
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| Group of people born roughly between the years of 1965 and 1980. |
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| Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) |
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| Prohibits American companies from making corrupt payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or keeping business. |
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| Ability of an instrument to measure consistently. |
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| Degree to which decision-making authority is restricted to higher levels of management in an organization. |
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| Provide the direction that enables an organization to achieve its long-term objectives. |
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| Involves looking at a set of observations and designing a rule that characterizes or explains a pattern underlying the observations. |
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| Process of conducting an intensive investigation of a corporation as one of the first steps in a pending merger or acquisition. |
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| Degree to which decision-making authority is given to lower levels in an organization's hierarchy. |
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| Series of tasks and activities that has a stated goal and objectives, a schedule with defined start and end dates, and a budget that sets limits on the use of monetary and human resources. |
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| Portion of a population used to draw conclusions regarding an entire population. |
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| What an organization sells to make a profit |
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| Short-term alliance between independent organizations in a potentially long-term relationship to design, produce, and distribute a product. |
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| Techniques for communicating information about products to consumers. |
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| Refers to the number of individuals who report to a supervisor. |
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| Involves applying specific premises to a given situation to develop certain predictions about or understanding of the situation. |
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| Form of budgeting in which the prior budget is the basis for allocation of funds. |
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| Relocation of processes or functions from a "home" country to another country. |
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| Proposal presented to a legislative body for possible enactment as a law. |
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| To an operations department, an organization's major asset after physical buildings and equipment. |
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| Action of canceling or postponing a decision or bill. |
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| Point below which 50% of scores in a set of data lie. |
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Organizational structure that combines departmentalization by division and function to gain the benefits of both. |
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| Modification of the Constitution or a law; may be either formal (written) or informal (unwritten). |
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| Rule or order issued by a government agency; often has the force of law. |
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| Request for proposal (RFP) |
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| Written request asking contractors to propose solutions and prices that fit customer's requirements. |
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| Number of members of an organization that have to be present before official business may be conducted. |
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Measure that refers to the causal effect of one variable upon another. |
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| Analysis that shows point in time at which total revenue associated with a program is equal to the total cost of the program. |
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| Measures the difference between what it costs to produce a product and the selling price. |
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| Work groups that assist line units by performing specialized services, such as HR. |
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| Group of people born after 1980. |
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| Legislative measure limited in effect to either the Congress or one of its chambers. |
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| Processes and activities used to formulate HR objectives, practices, and policies. |
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| Organizational structure in which divisions are separated by product, customer or market, or region. |
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| Measurement approach that provides an overall picture of an organization's performance as measured against goals in finance, customers, internal business processes, and learning and growth. |
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| Organizational structure that defines departments by what services they contribute to the organization's overall mission. |
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| Principles of conduct within an organization that guide decision making and behavior. |
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| Money an organization's customers owe the organization. |
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| Specifies what the company does, who its customers are, and the priorities it has set in pursuing its work. |
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| Involves data that is gathered firsthand for a specific evaluation. |
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| Money an organization owes its vendors and suppliers. |
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| Value that occurs most frequently in a set of data. |
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| Amount of owners' or shareholders' portion of a business. |
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| Combined knowledge, skills, and experience of a company's employees. |
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| Detailed steps a unit, department, or team will take in order to achieve short-term objectives. |
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Definition
| Research in which the researcher controls and manipulates elements of the research environment to measure the impact of each variable. |
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Definition
| Serve a purpose similar to short-term objectives but are completed in one to three years. |
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| Uses data already gathered by others and reported in various sources. |
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Definition
Expected distribution given a random sampling of people across a large population. |
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| To an operations department, the act of detailed planning; based upon incoming orders, order history, and forecasts of future demand. |
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| System of moral principles and values that establish appropriate conduct. |
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Definition
| Business function responsible for selling an organization's product to the marketplace. |
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| Specific results, accomplished in three to five years, that an organization seeks to achieve in pursuing its mission. |
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| Specific, testable prediction that is derived from a theory and describes a relationship between two variables |
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| Ratio that allows management to determine the financial impact particular activities and programs will have on a company's profitability. |
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| Based on research that uses open-ended interviewing to explore and understand attitudes, opinions, feelings, and behavior. |
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Definition
| Ability of an instrument to measure what it is intended to measure. |
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Definition
| Financial, physical, and sometimes intangible properties an organization owns. |
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| Return on investment (ROI) |
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Definition
| Calculation that measures the economic return on a project or investment. |
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Definition
| Sale by a company of an asset that is not performing well, that is not core to the company's business, or that is worth more as a separate entity. |
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Definition
| Work groups that conduct the major business of an organization. |
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Definition
| Vivid, guiding image of an organization's desired future. |
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| Group of persons or objects or a complete set of observations or measurements about which one wishes to draw conclusions. |
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| Portion of silent and baby boom generations that is simultaneously caring for their own children and one or more elderly family members. |
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| Gross domestic product (GDP) |
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Definition
| Estimate of the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a given year. |
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Term
Program evaluation review technique (PERT) chart |
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Definition
| Project management tool used to schedule, organize, and coordinate tasks within a project. |
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Definition
Ability of an instrument to measure consistently. |
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Definition
| Seeks to obtain easily quantifiable data on a limited number of measurement points. |
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Definition
| In operations, the function serves as an evaluation method. This evaluation involves observing what really happened (e.g., analyzing the number of widgets produced in a quarter) and comparing that outcome to the predefined standard (e.g., the department's production goal). |
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| During the this phase of strategic planning, the plan is put into action. Managers develop action plans and allocate resources toward achieving organizational objectives. |
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| The function of management involves designing structures that assist in goal accomplishment. The design effectively assigns resources to the organizational tasks needed. This function follows the planning function, which focuses on forecasting and goal setting |
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Definition
A legislative measure that must be passed by both houses and approved by the chief executive is known as |
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Definition
In this phase of implementing the balanced scorecard system, an organization identifies critical success factors for implementation and collects and prepares data. Tracking measures are put into place. |
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| The nonequivalent group design |
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Definition
| Used when subjects cannot be randomly assigned within groups. Two groups receive multiple measurement but only one group receives treatment. Two groups of employees would take a test or receive a performance appraisal. Then one of the two groups would receive treatment, (a new incentive system or a new absenteeism policy) Both groups would receive the test or appraisal. This process might take place over a six-month period. |
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