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Definition
| The smallest unit of language capable of carrying meaning |
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| Morphemes that can stand alone and still carry meaning |
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Definition
| Carry no meaning when the stand alone |
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| A speech sound that is capable of differentiating morphemes |
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| Words that vary by only one phoneme |
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| Variant pronunciations of a particular phoneme |
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| Complementary Distribution |
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Definition
| Allophone production that is tied to a particular environment (kid, could) |
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Definition
| Refers to allophone production that is not tied to a particular phonetic environment (lip, bottle) |
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Definition
| A basic unit of speech production and perception generally consisting of a segment of greatest acoustic energy and segments of lesser energy |
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Definition
| The part of a syllable that consists of all the consonants that precede a vowel |
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| The part of a syllable that contains the nucleus and coda |
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Definition
| The part of a syllable with the greatest acoustic energy; usually, but not always, a vowel |
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Definition
| Consonants that take on the role of vowels by serving as the nucleus of a syllable |
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| Includes either single consonants or consonant clusters that follow the nucleus of a syllable |
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| Syllables that end in a vowel phoneme |
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Definition
| Syllables that end with a consonant phoneme; have a coda |
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Definition
| The increased emphasis in the production of one syllable |
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Definition
| Part of speech (i.e. noun, verb, adjective) |
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| Phonemic/Broad Transcription |
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Definition
| Variant phoneme production is not recorded; uses virgules |
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Definition
| Allophonic transcription; uses brackets |
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| Impressionistic Transcription |
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Definition
| Allophonic transcription of an unknown speaker or an unknown language ; uses brackets |
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Definition
| The space between the vocal folds |
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Definition
| The vibration of the vocal folds in creation of a vocal sound |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| The basic rate of vibration of the vocal folds |
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Definition
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Definition
| Consists of the pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, and articulators |
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Term
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Definition
| The modification of vibrations by the speech organs to produce the individual phonemes of a language |
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Definition
| Phonemes associated with the lips |
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Definition
| Phonemes produced with both lips |
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Definition
| Phonemes that involve articulation of the lower lip and the teeth |
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Definition
| The bony ridge containing the sockets of the teeth |
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Definition
| Phonemes produced with the tip of the tongue touching the anterior alveolar ridge |
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Definition
| The bony structure located just posterior to the alveolar ridge |
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Definition
| Sounds produced in conjunction with the palate and the tongue |
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Definition
| Soft palate; muscular structure located directly posterior to the hard palate |
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Definition
| Sounds produced by the articulation of the soft palate with the back of the tongue |
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Definition
| When the velum is raised and it contacts the back wall of the pharynx, closing off the nasopharynx from the oropharynx |
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Definition
| Phonemes produced with a raised velum |
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Definition
| Phonemes produced while the mouth is close and the velum is lowered |
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Definition
| Sound produced when the airstream from the lungs is forced though the opening between the vocal folds |
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Definition
| Sounds produced with the tongue |
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Definition
| Phonemes that are produced without any appreciable constriction or blockage of air flow in the vocal tract |
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Definition
| Refers to how high or low in the oral cavity the tongue is when producing a particular vowel |
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Definition
| Relates to how far forward or backward in the mouth the tongue is when producing a particular vowel |
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Definition
| A figure that represents the tongue height and advancement of all vowels |
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| The first element of a diphthong |
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| The second element of a diphthong |
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Definition
| When vowels take on a nasal quality due to the phonemic environment of a word |
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Term
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Definition
| Vibratory properties of any sound producing body |
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Term
| Rhotic Diphthong/R-Colored Vowel |
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Definition
| A vowel that is perceived as having an "r" quality associated with it |
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Term
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Definition
| Sounds produced with vocal tract constrictions that modify the breath stream; generally involves the coming together of two articulators |
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Term
| Sonorants/Resonant Consonants |
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Definition
| Consonants produced with resonance occurring throughout the entire vocal tract; little constriction; includes the nasals, liquids, and glides; |
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Term
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Definition
| Consonants produced by creating a point of constriction in the oral cavity formed by the articulators; includes stops, fricatives, affricates |
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Term
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Definition
| Consonants that occur before a vowel in a syllable |
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Definition
| Consonants that occur after a vowel in a syllable |
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Definition
| Consonants located between two vowels |
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Definition
| Refers to the way in which the airstream is modified as it passed though the vocal tract |
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Term
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Definition
| Where in the vocal tract the constriction is located during the production of a particular consonant |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to whether the vocal folds are vibrating during the production of a particular consonant |
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Definition
| Phonemes that differ only in voicing |
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Definition
| Produced by completely obstructing the air stream once it enters the oral cavity |
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Definition
| Produced by completely obstructing the airway, lowering the velum, allowing the air stream to flow through the nasal cavity and out the nares |
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Definition
| Produced by forcing the breath stream through a narrow channel or constriction in the vocal tract; articulators do not completely close like in a stop |
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Definition
| Involves a combination of the stop and fricative manner |
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Definition
| The articulators are only approximated during the consonant production |
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Definition
| Involve a gliding motion of the articulators |
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Definition
| General term to categorize r and l; not a reference to the way in which these phonemes are produced |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of linguistic rules the specify the manner of which phonemes are organized into syllables, words, and sentences |
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Definition
| The study of word meaning and grammatical rules |
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Definition
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| Articulatory/Physiological Phonetics |
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Definition
| Examines the patterns of speech movements |
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Term
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Definition
| Examines waveform properties of speech differences in frequency, intensity & duration |
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Term
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Definition
| Lab-based research examining acoustic and perceptual phonetics |
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Definition
| Examines practical applications |
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Definition
| Establishes norms for acceptable speech |
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Definition
| Study and transcription of aberrant speech behaviors |
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Definition
| Symbols used which modify phonetic symbols and indicate differences in pronunciation |
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Term
| International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) |
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Definition
| Symbol system in which any phoneme used in a language has one and only one symbol |
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Definition
| Spelling using alphabet symbols |
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Term
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Definition
| Combination of alphabetic symbols that represent one phoneme |
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Definition
| Word produced carefully as single form in deliberate manner. Keep length of phoneme intact |
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Term
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Definition
| Influenced by coarticulation, speech occurs as continuous flow, not as individual sound segments |
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Term
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Definition
| When connected speech affect changes in the “identity” of a phoneme in place, manner or voicing |
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Term
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Definition
| Earlier occurring phoneme affects a phoneme that follows it |
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Term
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Definition
| A later occurring phoneme affects a phoneme that precedes it (man) |
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Term
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Definition
| Omission of a phoneme during connected speech (friendship) |
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Term
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Definition
| Addition of a phoneme during connected speech (mingone) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An articulatory proces associated with connected speech whereby the full form of a vowel is produced with less weight due to a more central production in the oral cavity |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Sonorant Peak/Tonic Accent |
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Definition
| The emphasis given the nuclear syllable in an intonational phrase; greatest pitch changes, longer durration, louder |
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Term
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Definition
| Modification of voice pitch associated with varying utterance types or the speakers mood |
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Term
| Falling Intonational Phrases |
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Definition
| A fall in the pitch across a intonational phrase; indicate end of a sentence, used in “wh” questions |
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| Rising Intonational Phrases |
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Definition
| General rise in pitch; seen in non-wh questions, observed when reciting list of items, observed when speaker is “buying time” to complete thoughts |
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Definition
| Describes the durational aspects of connected speech |
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Term
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Definition
| Transitional pauses and breaks between syllables and words in speech production |
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Definition
| Pause that connects two intonational phrases |
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Term
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Definition
| Pause within intonational phrase |
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Term
| Suprasegmental Aspects of Speech |
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Definition
| Features that go beyond individual speech sounds (stress, tempo, juncture) |
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