Term
| What does the physician need to know before prescribing a drug? |
|
Definition
- major drugs in drug group
- mechanism of action
- contraindications
- adverse side effects
- indications (who needs it)
- therapeutic effects
|
|
|
Term
| Patient compliance is improved when you do what with the patient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of the effects of drugs on tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of effects of tissues on drugs (ex: water/lipid soluble, bound to serum proteins, how metabolized, blood brain barrier passage) |
|
|
Term
| Factors that modify drug effects and dosages |
|
Definition
- age
- body weight/percentage body fat
- pregnancy
- drug induced teratology
- changes in metabolism
- pathological conditions
- pharmacogenetics- can get idiosyncratic drug reactions with polymorphic protiens
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| repeated administration of drug at a given dose results in decreased effects |
|
|
Term
| define pharmacodynamic tolerance |
|
Definition
| reduction in normal reactivity of the drug receptor |
|
|
Term
| define pharmacokinetic tolerance |
|
Definition
| drug reduces its own absorption and/or increases its own elimination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| very rapid, acute tolerance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combined effect of two different drugs equals the sum of their individual effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combined effect of two different drugs is greater than the sum of individual effects of the two drugs |
|
|
Term
| define biochemical antagonism |
|
Definition
| drug reduces effective concentration of another drug |
|
|
Term
| define chemical antagonism |
|
Definition
| two drugs combine to form an inactive product |
|
|
Term
| define physiological antagonism |
|
Definition
| two drugs act at different sites to produce opposite effects |
|
|
Term
| define pharmacological antagonism |
|
Definition
| drug blocks receptor that another drug activates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rate and extent of drug absorption into bloodstream |
|
|
Term
| FDA requirement of bioavailability of generic drugs |
|
Definition
| generic drugs must match bioavalability of trade mark drug (ex: fluoxetine must match bioavailability of Prozac) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- prove drug is BOTH safe and effective before approval
- specify conditions for which drug is approved
- approve medical devices
- post marketing reviews of adverse effects
|
|
|
Term
| Phase of drug approval process |
|
Definition
- phase one- Is it safe (pharmokinetics)? (50 patients)
- phase two- Does it work in pateints? (200 patients)
- phase three- Does it work in a double blind study? (1000 patients)
- phase four- postmarketing survailence (hundreds of thousands of patients)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- physician can prescribe a drug for non-approved conditions at their discretion
- must be evidence based on literature to indicate efficacy
|
|
|
