Term
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Definition
| the study of source, nature, chemistry,preparation, uses and properties of drugs and their effects on living organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance or biological that can affect the structure or function of the body and is maintained by an official pharmacopoeia or formulary |
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Term
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Definition
| a database or compliation describing drugs, chemicals and medicinal preparations maintained by a governing body or organizational body as the American Hospital Formulary Service published by the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists |
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Term
| Codes for medication errors in ICD-10 will be assigned as |
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Definition
| a single combination code, which includes the medication error and external cause of injury |
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Term
| In ICD-10 code, code assignment of medications and their adverse affects will be first found in this list |
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Definition
| Tabular List of ICD-10-CM |
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Term
| What are the two primary routes of drug administration? |
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Definition
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Term
| enteral drug administration is |
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Definition
| being or possessing a coating designed to pass through the stomach unaltered and to disintegrate in the intestines |
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Term
| parenteral drug administration is |
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Definition
| situated or occurring outside the intestine |
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Term
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Definition
The 4 phases of disposition of drugs within the body.
absorption distribution
metabolism elimination |
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Term
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Definition
| a target substance with which drugs interact; a drug may work on more than one receptor |
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Term
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Definition
| the desired and beneficial effect of a drug |
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Term
| Local or Topical effect is |
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Definition
| the drugs effect stays at the site of administration |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug acts on many sites away from the administration site |
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Term
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Definition
| where and how a drug combines with tissues |
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Term
| Biotransformation effect is |
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Definition
| if a drug is chemically changed in the body |
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Term
| Toxic side effect is caused by |
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Definition
| more potent drugs which may pose a higher risk of reactions |
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Term
| Tolerance effect occurs when |
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Definition
| the drugs effects diminishes during treatment and increasing amounts are needed to obtain the same effect |
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Term
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Definition
| there is a physical and psychological dependence on and craving for a drug |
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Term
| Controlled substances produce |
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Definition
| a tolerance and dependence to the drug and potential for abuse and addition |
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Term
| Addictive Action - 1+1=2 is |
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Definition
| the combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each, then the drugs are called addictive |
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Term
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Definition
| the drugs have less than an additive effect |
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Term
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Definition
| the drugs cause an effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects of the drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| the drugs not only enhance their effect, but greatly enhance or almost multiply the effects of the drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| drug "a" enhances the effect of drug "b" into a capital "B" |
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Term
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Definition
| the poisonous and potentially dangerous effects of drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| an example of an unpredictable type of drug toxicity or any unexpected effect in a patient after drug administration |
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Term
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Definition
| acute hypersensitivity due to a previous exposure |
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Term
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Definition
| an effect caused by the treatment and can occur as a result of mistakes or unrecognized individual sensitivity |
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Term
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Definition
| harmful, unexpected reactions to drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| toxic effects or adverse reactions resulting from drug administration or usage |
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Term
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Definition
| specific situations when the use of a drug is not recommended due to adverse effects |
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Term
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Definition
| the lack of beneficial response to a drug |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of any drug in a way that deviates from the prescribed dose |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive or continued use of habit-forming drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| Phase 1 of disposition of a drug in the body and is the movement of a drug from the administration site in the blood, i.e. via gut or alimentary canal |
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Term
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Definition
| Phase 2 of disposition of a drug in the body and is the transportation of a drug into other body tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| Phase 3 of disposition of a drug in the body and is how well the body breaks down or metabolizes the drug, chemically changes it in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Phase 4 of disposition of a drug in the body and is the elimination of the drug from the body through urine or feces |
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Term
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Definition
| the drug's strength and is typically used to compare drugs within a class or group that work by the same mechanism |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree to which a drug can produce a certain effect and degree to which a drug is able to induce an effect and is used to compare drugs that have different mechanisms |
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Term
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Definition
| determining the amount of drug needed, the timing of doses and type of administration |
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Term
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Definition
| the time the total amount of drug diminishes by one half |
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Term
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Definition
| a large dose given rapidly at the beginning of treatment to reach therapeutic level quickly |
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Term
| Ciprofloxacin should not be taken with |
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Definition
| calcium, magnesium or iron as found in antacids, vitamins or dairy products as this will reduce absorption |
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Term
| Amoxicillin's absorption can be increased when taken with |
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Definition
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Term
| When drugs enter the bloodstream, the first organ encountered is the |
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Definition
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Term
| Most drugs bind to ________ in the bloodstream and the drugs are no longer floating free and maybe unable to cross membranes to produce the intended effect |
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Definition
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Term
| Obesity and diseses that cause fluid retention can cause |
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Definition
| a change in drug distribution |
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Term
| To many drugs in the bloodstream at once may complete to bind with proteins causing a |
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Definition
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Term
| Metabolism changes or transforms drugs to make them inactive or into molecules for easy __________ from the body |
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Definition
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Term
| Administration of inactive drugs become active after _______________ inside the body. |
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Definition
| metabolism or change takes place |
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Term
| Liver and kidney function decrease with age which results in |
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Definition
| a slow down of drug metabolism and elimination |
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Term
| Prozac is safe/useful in young healthy adults, but may not the best choice for older adults on multiple medications as Prozac will _________ |
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Definition
| possible slow down the metabolism of many of drugs used to treat chronic conditions is older adults. |
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Term
| This food can also slow down metabolism of medications. |
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Definition
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Term
| What herbal supplement can speed up drug metabolism? |
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Definition
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Term
| Analgesics, Anesthetics, Antibiotics, Antiviral, Anticoagulants, Antiplatelets, Anticonvulsants, Antidepressants, Anti-Alzheimer, Antidiabetics, Antihistimines, Anti-osteoporosis and SERM are names of __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Tylenol, hydrocodone, aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen are in this class of drug |
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Definition
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Term
| Nitrous oxide, penthothal, lidocaine and procaine are in this class of drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| Lotrimin and Monistat are antifungals assigned to this class of drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| Rifadin, Isoniazid and ethambutol are antitubercular and assigned to this class of drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| Ceftin is a cephalosporin and assigned to this class of drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| Amoxicillin is a penicillin and assigned to this class of drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| Biaxin is one of the Erythromycins and assigned to this class of drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| Ciprofloxacin, Levaquin are Quinolones assigned to this class of drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| Bactrim is a sulfa drug or a sulfonamides assigned to this class of drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| Doxcycline is one of the Tetracyclines assigned to this class of drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemical substances that fight bacterial infections are classifed as ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
| The class of drugs called Antibiotics include 8 subclasses of drugs. Name them. |
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Definition
| Antifungal, Antitubercular, Cephalosporins, Erythromycins, Penicilllins, Quinolones, Sulfonamides/Sulfa, Tetracyclines |
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Term
| Antiviral drugs are relatively recent drugs used to __________________ |
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Definition
| prevent infection or shorten the duration of infections by preventing the virus from spreading, although it may not kill viruses that already exist |
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Term
| Name the antiviral drug used to treat chickenpox and symptoms of herpes infections of the skin, eyes, mouth, genitals or brain |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the virus that will stay dormant in the body an can cause symptoms again in the future. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the antiviral drug used to treat and prevent Influenza A |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the two antiviral drugs sometimes prescribed for adults who develop chronic hepatitis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name two anticoagulants (blood thinners) which prevent clotting or coagulatoin of blood |
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Definition
| Coumadin (warfarin) and Lovenox (heparin) |
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Term
| Name the most common antiplatelet medication which reduces the tendency of platelets to stick together. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name one anticonvulsant which is used alone or in combination with other meds to control certain types of seizures. This drug is also used to treat trigeminal neuralgia. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name two antidepressant drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the anti-Alzheimer drug |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the types of antidiabetic insulins |
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Definition
rapid acting
short acting
intermediate acting
long acting |
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Term
| Precose (acarbose) is what type of antidiabetic drug |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the class of drugs for Zytrec, Benadryl, Allegra and Claratin |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the class of drugs for Bisphosphonates-alendronate (fosamax) |
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Definition
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Term
| Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) is assigned to this class of drugs |
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Definition
| SERM - Selective Estrogen Receptor Nodulator |
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Term
| Name two Digitalis preparations prescribed to increase the force of the heart's contractions and beneficial in heart failure and irregular heartbeats. |
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Definition
| Digoxin and Digitoxin (Lanoxin) |
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Term
| Name the class of cardiovascular drug which dilates the blood vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the class of cardiovascular drugs which prevent angiotensin from reacting on receptors in the blood vessels in patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors. |
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Definition
ARBs
Angiotensin 2 Receptor Antagonists
AT-2 |
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Term
| Name the commonly prescribed ARBs Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blockers |
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Definition
Candesartan (Atacand)
Eprosartan (Teveten)
Irbesartan (Avapro)
Losartan (Cozaar)
Telmisartan (Micardis)
Valsartan (Diovan) |
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Term
| Name the class of cardiovascular drugs which decrease muscular tone in blood vessels leading to vasodilation. |
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Definition
| Beta Blockers (Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents) |
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Term
| Beta Blockers are prescribed to treat the following diseases |
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Definition
| Angina, hypertension, arrhythmias and heart attack |
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Term
| Acebutolol (Sectral), Atenolol (Tenormin), Nadolol (Corgard) Sotalol (Betapace) are assigned to this class of drugs ___________________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the class of cardiovascular drugs which dilate blood vessels, lower blood pressure and treat angina and arrhythmia. |
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Definition
| Calcium Channel Blockers (Calcium Antagonists or Calcium Blockers) |
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Term
| Calcium Channel Blockers are prescribed to treat the following diseases |
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Definition
| angina, arrhythmia, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, migraines and Raynaud's syndrome |
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Term
| Amlodipine (Norvasc, Lotrel), Diltiazem (Cardizem, Tiazac), Nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia) Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin, Verelen are in this class of cardiovascular drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| Name two cholesterol binding drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the common types of cholesterol lowering drugs |
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Definition
| statins, resins, niacin (nicotinic acid, gemfibrozil and clofibrate |
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Term
| A statin is the most common form of this drug |
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Definition
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Term
| Diuretics are also known as water pills. Name the most commonly prescribed diuretics |
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Definition
| Bumetanide (Bumex) Chlorothiazide (Diuril), Furosemide (Lasix), Spironolactone (Aldactone) |
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Term
| Antihypertensive drugs are |
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Definition
| beta blockers, calcium channel blockers and diuretics |
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Term
| Name the class of endocrine drug for male hormone replacement |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the class of endocrine drug that interferes with androgens and are used in prostate cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the class of endocrine drug which reduces the amount of estrogen in the blood and are effective against breast cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the class of endocrine drug which replaces female hormones |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the class of endocrine drug which produces estrogen like effects on bone |
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Definition
SERM
Selective estrogen receptor modulator |
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Term
| Name the class of endrocrine drug which is used to treat abnormal uterine bleeding |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the class of endocrine drug used to treat hypothyroidism |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the class of endocrine drug used in treatment of osteoporosis |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the class of endocrine drug used for treatment of acromegaly |
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Definition
Growth Hormone Release Inhibiting Factor
Somastatin |
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Term
| Name the class of GI drugs which neutralize hydrochloric symptoms / reduce |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the class of GI drug that are acid reducing |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Tagamet, Pepcid, Axid, Zantac |
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Term
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Definition
| Rolaids, Tums, Prilosec OTC, Maalox |
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Term
| Name the GI class of drug that relieves diarrhea |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the class of GI drugs that relieve nausea |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the class of GI drugs that treat autoimmune disease as Crohn's |
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Definition
| Anti TNF (tumor necrosis factor) |
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Term
| Name a prescribed antidiarrheal drug |
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Definition
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Term
| Name an antinauseant drug |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the class of GI drugs that stop production of acid |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the most commonly prescribed or OTC GI drugs that stop acid production |
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Definition
| Tagamet, Nexium, Pepcid, Prevacid and Prilosec |
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Term
| Name the class of GI drugs that relieve constipation |
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Definition
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Term
| Name commonly prescribed GI drugs that relieves constipation |
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Definition
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Term
| Bronchodilators, Leukotriene Modifiers, Steroid inhalers and IV or Oral Steroids are classified to this type of drug |
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Definition
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Term
| Albuterol (Proventil), Maxair, Alupent are assigned to this class of Respiratory drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| Zyflo (zileuton) is assigned to this class of respiratory drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| AeroBid, Azmacort (triamcinolone) are assigned to this class of respiratory drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| Decadron, Medrol and prednisone are assigned to this class of respiratory drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| Halcion (triazolam), Restoril (temazepam) and Luminal (phenobarbital) are assigned to this class of drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| Caffeine and Ritalin (methylphenidate) are assigned to this class of drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| Alprazolam (Xanax), Lorazepam (Ativan) and Diazepam (Valium) are considered to be minor medications in this class of drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| Haloperidol, Loxapine and Pimozide are considered to be major medications which reduce confusion and are in this class of drugs |
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Definition
Tranquilizers - Major
Antipsychotics or neuroleptic |
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Term
| Oral Antidiabetic drugs are |
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Definition
gliizide / Glucotrol XL
metformin / Glucophage
proglitazone / Actos
acarbose / Precose |
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Term
| The six main areas of pharmacology are |
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Definition
| Pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemistry, pharmacokinetics, chemotherapy, toxicology, pharmacodynamics and molecular |
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Term
| The chemical name of a drug specifies the chemical make up of the drug. The generic name is derived from the chemical and usually starts with a |
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Definition
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Term
| The chemical name of a drug specifies the chemical make up of the drug. The brand name is the property and registered brand name usually starts with |
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Definition
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Term
| The six routes of drug administration are |
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Definition
| Oral, sublingual, rectal, parenteral, inhalation, topical application |
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Term
| Name the type of drugs used in cancer therapy which blocks specific enzymes & growth factor receptors involved in cancer cell proliferation |
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Definition
| signal transduction inhibitors |
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Term
| This type of cancer therapy regulates gene expression and other cellular functions |
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Definition
| It modifies the function of proteins |
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Term
| This cancer therapy induces cancer cells to die and is called |
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Definition
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Term
| This cancer therapy blocks the growth of blood vessels to tumors and is called |
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Definition
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