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Definition
| Dissociative: anesthetic agent, used for restraint, enhances muscle relaxation, good somatic analgesia but poor visceral analgesia. Side effects: muscle rigidity, spastic jerking, seizures, hypersalivation, hypertension, respiratory depression, hyperthermia, erratic prolonged recovery, dyspnea, and cardiac arrest. Contraindications: prior hypersensitivity reaction, increased CSF pressure/head trauma. Often used with acepromazine, xylazine, or diazepam tro deepen level of anesthesia. IV or I'M route. |
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Definition
| Benzodiazepine derivative(minor tranq) IV or IM(irritating and poorly absorbed I'M route) commonly used with other drugs for muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant and apetite stimulating properties. Do not mix with atropine, acepromazine, barbiturates, or opiods in same syringe(precipitate may form) can be mixed with ketamine in same syringe. Side effects: sedation and ataxia causes CNS excitement in dogs and hepatic failure in cats. Contraindications: hepatic or renal disease, debilitated or geriatric patients; coma, shock, or with respiratory depression. |
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Term
| Dexmedetomidine(dexdomitor) |
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Definition
| Alpha2agonist ( tranq. Sedative) most commonly used alpha2agonist in cats and dogs. Sedative and analgesic effects, preanesthetic. Antagonist is atipamezole(antisedan) giving I'M dogs and cats or IV for dogs. Used with other agents seperate syringes but same syringe with butorphanol I'M can also be given with other opioids and ketamine. Side effects: sudden arousal in heavily sedated patients. Pain with I'M do not give with anticholinergics paradoxic bradycardia may result. |
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Term
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Definition
| Alpha2agonist (tranq. Sedative) used alone or with ketamine,opioids, and other agents. Preanesthetic, sedative with butorphanol for minor surgeries, with ketamine and guaifenesin ( triple drip) for total IV anesthesia. |
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Definition
| inhalation anesthetic. Approved only in dogs and horses. Relatively high vapor pressure (240mmHg) needs precision vaporizer. Rapid induction and recovery. Can change depth of anesthesia rapidly. MAC=1.3% - 1.63%. Anesthesia maintained in most patients at a concentration of 1.5% to 2.5%. Stable at room temperature. Side effects: at normal levels maintains cardiac output, causes some depression of myocardial cells, little effect on heart rate. Depresses respiratory system, respiratory rate decreases over time, maintains cerebral blood flow ( good for head trauma and brain tumors) adequate to good muscle relaxation, little to no analgesic effect. |
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Definition
| Inhalation anesthetic, labeled for use in dogs, second most commonly inhalant anesthetic first being isoflurane. Vapor pressure (160mmHg) precision vaporizer required. Works a little faster than isoflurane has more pleasant smell. EXPENSIVE! MAC 2.34%-2.58% less potent than iso. Higher concentrations required to induce and maintain. Sevo- 4%-6% - iso 3%-5%. Can react with (KOH) or sodium hydroxide(NaOh) can cause renal damage in rats. Hypotension- dose dependant, penile prolapse- horses and other large animals, may lead to permanent injury, decreased PCV. Increased potency and duration not good for geriatrics, neonates, and debilitated animals. Breed considerations: australian shepherds, giant breeds, boxers, greyhounds, terriers, and cats. |
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Term
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Definition
| anticholinergic- derived from the deadly nightshade plant. Decreases excessive respiratory secretions and laryngospasm. Can be given IV, I'M, SQ, or IT. As a preanesthetic I'M and IV rapid onset. Approved for several species, causes mild sedation, prevent bradycardia mydriasis, bronchodilation, arrhythmias. 0.54 mg/ml and 15 mg/ml |
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Term
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Definition
| Analgesic - NSAID, provides analgesia for 12 to 24hrs. Cats= SQ(once) PO(5days) dogs= IV, I'M, SQ or PO (5days). Increased bleeding times. |
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Term
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Definition
| local anesthetic, dose 0.5% - 2% for injection, 2% - 4% topical. Do not exceed 10mg/kg SQ or 2mg/kg IV in dogs. Do not exceed 4mg/kg SQ or 0.5 mg/kg IV in cats. Immediate onset, duration 1 - 2 hrs. With epinephrine, 1hr without. |
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Definition
| Opioid- pure agonist, can combine with other opioids. First opioid agent, approved for cats,dogs and horses. Causes excitement or dysphoria more common in cays and horses. Use lower doses. Moderate to severe pain. Visceral and somatic pain IV, I'M, SQ, IA, and epidural, tablets. Do not inject rapidly (causes histamine release) decreased BP, flushing and pruritus. CRI I'M longer duration. Side effects: vomiting, salivation, and defecation. Ileus and colic. Severe respiratory depression, excitement, bradycardia, panting, increased intracranial pressure, urinary retention. Miosis in dogs, mydriasis in cats, hypothermia in dogs and hyperthermia in cats. |
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Term
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Definition
| Opioid agonist- IV, I'M, SQ, epidural. AE: respiratory depression, bradycardia, vomiting, panting, excessive sedation, and excitement. Used as a premed with or without other meds. Analgesic and induction agent for high risk patients followed by diazepam. Schedule 2 drug. |
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Term
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Definition
| Analgesic- rapid onset, short duration, IV drip, transdermal patch, used as an induction agent with I'M, SQ, or epidural. Sides: profound sedation, bradycardia, respiratory depression, panting, and sensitivity to sound. Schedule 2 drug. |
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Term
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Definition
| Synthetic opioid, agonist antagonist- cough suppressant, preanesthetic or sedative - mix with dexmedetomidine or acepromazine. Effective post operative analgesic for mild to moderate visceral pain. Less sedation, dysphoria, and respiratory depression than most opioids. Decreased HR, BP and cardiac output. Used as an antagonist to partially reverse respiratory depression and sedation induced by morphine or fentanyl. Schedule 4 drug |
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Term
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Definition
| Opioid- IV, I'M, or epidural, delayed onset of action, provides a longer duration of analgesia. Can be given orally to cats. Does not provide adequate analgesia for severe pain. Good for mild to moderate pain. Can reverse sedation and respiratory depression. Schedule 5 drug. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nonopiate- PO, post operative alternative to opioids once patient has resumed eating. Analgesic for home inhibition of norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake. Do not administer with other norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. |
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Term
| Carprofen (rimodyl, novox) |
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Definition
| NSAID can be given SQ, PO, IV, I'M. Approved for oral use in dogs. Works by inhibiting COX. Used to relieve pain associated with degenerative joint disease and post operative pain resulting from soft tissue or orthopedic repair. |
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Term
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Definition
| COX - 2 receptor NSAID. Can be givin IV, SQ, and PO. Has antiinflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. Used to control pain associated with surgical procedures, arthritis, and other causes. Metacam use in cats limited to one time SQ injection for surgical pain. |
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Term
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Definition
| alpha 2 antagonist for dexmedtomidine and medetomidine. I'M unless emergency need then IV dose 1:10. Cats more sensitive no IV in cats. |
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Term
| Telezol (tiletamine hydrochloride, and benzodiazepine zolazepam mixed) |
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Definition
| Dissociative- IV, I'M, alone or in combination with other drugs. Sedation and anesthesia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ultra short acting nonbarbiturate. Milky appearance (egg lecithin, glycerin and soybean oil) IV, rapid onset and short duration highly fat soluble. Taken up by vessel rich tissue ( brain, heart, liver, and kidney) quickly redistributed to muscle and fat. Rapidly metabolized. |
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Term
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Definition
| Alpha2antagonist- reverse sedative and cardiovascular effects of xylazine in dogs, cats, horses and exotics. Dose 10:1 dogs and horses 2:1 in cats. |
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Definition
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Term
| Benzodiazepine derivitive |
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Definition
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Term
| Alpha2agonist, tranquilizer, sedative |
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Definition
| dexmedetomidine (dexdomitor) |
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Term
| alpha2agonist, tranquilizer, sedative |
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Definition
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| Phenothiazine derivative, tranquilizer |
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| Local anesthetic (xylocaine) |
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| Synthetic opioid agonist and antagonist |
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Definition
| Carprofen (rimodyl, novox) |
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| Ultra short acting non barbiturate |
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Definition
| Loss of perception of certain stimuli while that of others remains intact. |
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Definition
| Class of anesthetic agent that cause a disruption of the nerve transmission in some parts of the brain and elective stimulation in others; this combination od actions causes the animal to appear awake but immobile and unaware of its surroundings. |
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Term
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Definition
| A loss od sensation in a small area of the body produced by administration of a local anesthetic agent in the proximity to the area of interest. |
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