Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| sympathomimetic mixed alpha agonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta 2 agonists
used to calm uterus in dangerous pregnancies |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
cholinesterase
degredation
susceptibility |
|
Definition
acetylcholine +++
methacholine +
carbachol 0
bethanachol 0 |
|
|
Term
| comparative potency for muscarinics in cardiovascular |
|
Definition
methacholine +++
acetylcholine ++
carbachol +
bethanechol 0 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bethanachol +++
carbachol +++
methacholine ++
Acetylcholine ++ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| quaternary ammonium muscarinic antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| quaternary ammonium muscarinic antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| quaternary ammonium muscarinic antagonist |
|
|
Term
| homatropine methylbromide |
|
Definition
| quaternary ammonium muscarinic antagonist |
|
|
Term
| scopalamine methylbromide |
|
Definition
| quaternary ammonium muscarine antagonist |
|
|
Term
| alpha-methylnorepinephrine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| low dose epinephrine response |
|
Definition
| beta 1 agonism predominates |
|
|
Term
| high dose epinephrine response |
|
Definition
| tachycardia, positive inotrope, increased peripheral resistance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, uncharged (CNS)
targets Parkinson's and Alzheimer's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| edrophonium is used to determine between cholinergic attack and myasthenia gravis |
|
|
Term
| differences in sensitivity of muscarinic sites (most sensitive/responsive to least) |
|
Definition
1) salivation, bronchial, sweating
2) pupil dilation, accomodation, cardiac
3) urinary bladder, GI tract
4) gastric secretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anticholinergic
respiratory muscarinic blocker |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nicotinic agonist / deactivates nicotinic receptors with chronic use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
muscarinic antagonist
CNS effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
muscarinic antagonist
CNS effects and sedation/motion sickness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
name brand for tolteridine
muscarinic antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
indirect parasympathomimetic
effects on nicotinic receptors as well |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| indirect parasympathomimetic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
muscarinic agonist
reverse ester, works at nicotinic receptors as well as muscarinic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
acetycholinesterase inhibitor
quaternary amine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| monamine oxidase inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| prototype nicotinic agonist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prototype muscarinic agonist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
isoproterenol
epinephrine
norepinephrine
dobutamine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prototype alpha 2 agonist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prototype alpha 1 agonists |
|
Definition
epinephrine
norepinephrine
phenylephrine |
|
|
Term
tricyclic antidepressant
action |
|
Definition
| inhibits reuptake of NE and serotonin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
destroys adrenergic nerves
taken up by dopaminergic and noradrenergic nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibits reuptake of NE
also probably inhibits reuptake of DA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
binds to adrenergic vesicles preventing NE storage/ competes with NE for reuptake
quaternary ammonium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
binds to storage vesicles preventing storage of NE
uncharged molecule, crosses BBB |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used as local anesthetic w/local vasoconstrictor (a-1 agonist). inhibits Na channels and prevents signal cascade from traversing nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| choline uptake inhibitor, limits synthesis of acetylcholine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
used in NE producing tumors of the medulla
inhibits tyrosine - dobutamine pathway |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
metyrosine
used in adrenal medulla tumors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits release of acetylcholine causing flaccid paralysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| promotes release of norepinephrine effectively the opposite of botulin toxin except in adrenergic nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prototype muscarinic antagonist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prototype nicotinic antagonists |
|
Definition
tuburcurarine
hexamathonium |
|
|
Term
| prototype B agonist (nonselective) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cevimeline contraindication |
|
Definition
| CYP2D6 substrate, accumulation can occur in CYP2D6 impaired |
|
|
Term
| hyperthyroidism and parasympathomimetics |
|
Definition
| may cause atrial fibrillation |
|
|
Term
| preferred therapies for Sjogrens |
|
Definition
| cimetidine or pilocarpine |
|
|
Term
| preferred therapies for Xerostoma |
|
Definition
| cimetidine or pilocarpine |
|
|
Term
| preferred therapies for urinary retention |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| preferred therapies for GI reflux |
|
Definition
bethanachol or metoclopramide
increases lower esophageal tone, increases gastric emptying |
|
|
Term
| mechanism of actetylcholine topical in advance of opthalmic surgery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pilocarpine or carbachol mechanism of action in glaucoma |
|
Definition
| improves ureoscleral outflow |
|
|
Term
| reduction of aqueous humor formation via alpha-1 agonism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reduction of aqueous humor formation via alpha-2 agonist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reduction of aqueous humor formation via beta 1 antagonism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| classes of drugs to treat glaucoma via aqueous humor drainage |
|
Definition
| parasympathomimetics or acetylcholinesterase inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| parasympathomimetic used in in vivo diagnostic for bronchial spasms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which parasympathomimetic does atropine have poor antagonistic effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| depolarizing neuromuscular blockers |
|
Definition
succinyl choline or decamethonium
(decamethonium not used therapeutically) |
|
|
Term
| ganglionic blocker effects |
|
Definition
heart: tachycardia
vasculature: dilation, hypotension
eyes: mydriasis, cycloplegia
GI: decreased tone and motility, urinary retention
secretory: anhidrosis, xerostomia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a direct muscle relaxant
only antidote for malignant hyperthermia
occasionally causes drowsiness, rare hepatotoxicity or respiratory depression w/brain lesion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
peripheral depolarizing NM blocker
not used therapeutically |
|
|
Term
| tubocurarine site of action and drug class |
|
Definition
| peripheral acting non depolarizing NM blocker works at skeletal endplate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nondepolarizing NM blocker |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nondepolarizing NM blocker |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nondepolarizing NM blocker |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nondepolarizing NM blocker |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aminosteroid, works at cellular endplate
nondepolarizing NM blocker |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aminosteroid, nondepolarizing NM blocker |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amino steroid, nondepolarizing NM blocker |
|
|
Term
| the more potent compounds: aminosteroids or benzylsoquinolinium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| adverse effects of tubocurarine administration |
|
Definition
ganglionic block
histamine release |
|
|
Term
| adverse effects of metocurine administration |
|
Definition
ganglionic block
histamine release |
|
|
Term
| adverse effects of alcuronium administration |
|
Definition
ganglionic block
histamine release |
|
|
Term
| adverse effect of succinylcholine administration |
|
Definition
histamine release
vagal stimulation
postoperative muscle pain
increased intraocular pressure
hyperkalemia
malignant hyperthermia (idiosyncrocy)
apnea (ideosyncracy) |
|
|
Term
| adverse effect of pancuronium administration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| specific caution for succinylcholine |
|
Definition
| K+ loss and hyperkalemia. avoid use with soft tissue trauma |
|
|
Term
| metabolic pathways for NM blockers |
|
Definition
| all are hepatic or renal except for succinycholine which uses a plasma cholinesterase. succinylcholine preferred for patients with hepatic/renal problems |
|
|
Term
| skeletal muscle relaxants therapeutic purposes |
|
Definition
adjunct to anesthesia
adjunct to electroshock therapy |
|
|
Term
dantrolene therapeutic uses
(dantrium) |
|
Definition
malignant hyperthermia or muscle spasticities
binds calcium to sarcoplasmic reticulum; inhibits calcium movement in response to depolarization |
|
|
Term
botulin type B
(myoblock)
therapeutic uses |
|
Definition
blepharospasm, strabismus
cervical distonia |
|
|
Term
| botulinum adverse effect with tuburcararine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| botulinum adverse effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| direct acting skeletal muscle relaxant |
|
|
Term
| SAR for muscarine agonists |
|
Definition
1)Â molecule must contain nitrogen capable of bearing a positive charge, preferably a quaternary ammonium salt
2)Â for maximum potency the substituents off the nitrogen must not exceed the size of a methyl group
3)Â there should be an oxygen atom, preferable an ester-like oxygen capable of participating in hydrogen bonding
4)Â there should be exactly two carbons between oxygen and nitrogen (ethylene bridge) |
|
|
Term
| 5 member versus 6 member lactam when determining efficacy of synthetic muscarinic |
|
Definition
| 6 member lactam will have no activity, affinity only (antagonist) |
|
|
Term
| essential structure for quaternary ammonium when post-acetyl bonded carbons |
|
Definition
| pyrolidine ring, secondary or tertiary amine would lose all activity |
|
|
Term
synthetic choline esters
 |
|
Definition
| carbachol, methacholine, bethanachol |
|
|
Term
| uncharged reversible AChE inhibitors |
|
Definition
| physostigme, rivastigme, tacrine, donepezil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-polar acetylcholinesterase inhibitor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-polar acetylcholinesterase inhibitor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-polar acetylcholinesterase inhibitor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-polar acetylcholinesterase inhibitor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| selective alpha-2 agonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pilocarpine, acetylcholine, bethanachol, cevimeline, methacholine, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parasympathomimetic muscarinic agonist |
|
|
Term
| diisopropyl fluorophosphate |
|
Definition
| irreversible AChE inhibitor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| irreversible AChE inhibitor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| irreversible AChE inhibitor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| irreversible AChE inhibitor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| irreversible AChE inhibitor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| irreversible AChE inhibitor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| irreverisble AChE inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| polar reversible AChE inhibitors |
|
Definition
| pyridostigmine, neostigmine, demecarium, ambenomium, adrophonium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| polar AChE inhibitor, parasympathomimetic, used in myesthenia gravis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| polar AChE inhibitor, used in tensilon test to distinguish MG from cholinergic crisis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mixed alpha and beta agonist, sympathomimetic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| potency difference between atropine and scopalamine in parasympathetically innervated organs |
|
Definition
| atropine more potent in heart and intestine, scopalamine more potent in iris, ciliary, secretory |
|
|
Term
| atropine cardiovascular effects |
|
Definition
| tachycardia, abolish reflex vagal slowing, decrease AV refractory period, atropine flush |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| peripheral nicotinic ganglion blocker, non-depolarizing and charged |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tertiary amine muscarinic antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tertiary amine muscarinic antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tertiary amine muscarinic antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nicotine, trimethephan, mecamylamine, hexamethonium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nicotine agonist, ganglionic blocker |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| adrenergics used for ciliary body A-2 agonism |
|
Definition
| epinephrine, dipivephrine, apraclonidine |
|
|
Term
| prototype alpha-1 agonists |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Epi, NE, Isoproterenol, Dobutamine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| isoproterenol, epinephrine |
|
|
Term
| prototype muscarinic agonist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prototype nicotinic agonist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pilocarpine, muscarine, arecholine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| indirect parasympathomimetics |
|
Definition
| carbachol, metoclopramide |
|
|
Term
| muscarinic antagonists (4) |
|
Definition
| atropine, scopalamine, homotropine, tolteridine (detrol) |
|
|
Term
anticholinergics
(charged, muscarine antagonists) (5) |
|
Definition
| ipratropium, tiotropium, methscopalamine, homotropine methylbromide, scopalamine methylbromide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anticholinergic, polar antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anticholinergic, polar antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anticholinergic, polar antagonist |
|
|
Term
| homotropine methylbromide |
|
Definition
| anticholinergic, polar antagonist |
|
|
Term
| scopalamine methylbromide |
|
Definition
| anticholinergic, polar antagonist |
|
|
Term
| differential sensitivity of muscarinic sites |
|
Definition
1) salivation, bronchial, sweat
2) pupil dilation, accomodation, cardiac
3) urinary bladder, GI tract
4) gastric secretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| edrophonium to distinguish MG from cholinergic crisis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nonpolar AChE inhibitor targeting Parkinson's and Alzheimer's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chronotropic and inotropic effects of dobutamine |
|
Definition
| inotropic only, isomerization prevents chronotropic effects |
|
|
Term
| low dose epinephrine systemic effects |
|
Definition
| tachycardia and hypotension |
|
|
Term
| likely outcome for epinephrine administration in angina patient |
|
Definition
| increased angina due to decreased cardiac efficiency (work/oxygen uptake) |
|
|
Term
| peripheral resistance expectation with Epi, NE and Iso |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pulse rate differences with epinephrine, NE and Iso administration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Systolic BP with administration of Epi, NE, Iso |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diastolyic BP with administration of Epi, NE, Iso |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MABP differences with administration of Epi, NE, Iso |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| halogenated hydrocarbons or cyclopropane cautions with epinephrine |
|
Definition
| epinephrine sensitizes the myocardium to the effects of these drugs and arrhythmias can occur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscarinic receptor antagonist |
|
|
Term
| succinyl choline and psuedocholinesterase |
|
Definition
| pse metabolizes succinyl choline, atypical pse leads to apne (idiosyncratic outcome) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-depolarizing NM blocker |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-depolarizing NM blocker |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-depolarizing NM blocker |
|
|
Term
| norepinephrine precautions |
|
Definition
| tissue necrosis at extreme periphery, hyperthyroidism, sensitization of myocardium, causes contractions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| beta-1, increases renin secretion, ultimatlely increases BP |
|
|
Term
| uterus receptors and presentation |
|
Definition
| alpha - contraction, beta-2, relaxation |
|
|
Term
| skeletal muscle receptors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| alpha - ejaculation, muscarinic - erection |
|
|
Term
| adrenal medulla receptors |
|
Definition
| nicotinic - epinephrine secretion |
|
|
Term
| lacrimal glands receptors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| B-2, glycogenolysis, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pilo erector muscles, alpha; sweat glands muscarinic |
|
|
Term
| GI tract sympathetic innervation |
|
Definition
| alpha 1 - decreased motility |
|
|
Term
| histamine receptors on arteriolar smooth muscle cause ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-selective competitive alpha antagonist; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| selective alpha-1 antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| selective alpha-1 antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| selective alpha-1 antagonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| alpha-1 antagonism can reduce BPH, also can lead to apoptosis of prostate |
|
|
Term
| doxazasin preferred therapy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do antagonists work better against exogenous or endogenous agonists? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| phenylephrine and n-methyl substituent |
|
Definition
| structural oddity, still alpha-specific agonist |
|
|
Term
| potency effects by substitution of hydroxyls on catechol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| metaproterenol and terbutaline hydroxyl positions |
|
Definition
| 3 and 5, lead to beta-2 preferential binding |
|
|
Term
| catecholamine substitution on alpha carbon |
|
Definition
| eliminates MAO binding site |
|
|
Term
| catecholamine substitution on beta carbon |
|
Definition
| reduces lipid solubility, decreases CNS effects |
|
|
Term
| l-isomerization on Beta carbon |
|
Definition
| greater peripheral activity |
|
|
Term
| isomerization of alpha carbon |
|
Definition
| dextrarotary generally more potent than levoratory, d-amphetimine more potent in CNS |
|
|
Term
| atherosclerosis and baroreceptors |
|
Definition
| atherosclerosis can limit reflex, increasing impact of sympathomimetics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parallels long term administration of MAO inhibitors; tyramine doesn't get metabolized leading to ocotopamine synthesis and displacement of NE from adrenergic vesicles |
|
|
Term
| MAO inhibitors "cheese" crisis |
|
Definition
| severe hypertensive crisis, tyramine induces large decrease of NE and with impaired MAO infarction can result |
|
|
Term
| epinephrine and renal performance |
|
Definition
| filtration fraction decreased, retention of K+, Na+ and Cl- increased |
|
|
Term
| systole response with epinephrine |
|
Definition
| shortened in preference to shortening diastole |
|
|
Term
| epinephrine uterus interaction in last trimester of pregnancy |
|
Definition
| inhibits alpha stimulation (to an extent) preventing contraction |
|
|
Term
| epinephrine and metabolism |
|
Definition
| increases glucose and lactate in blood, inhibits insulin release |
|
|
Term
| epinephrine and circulating volume |
|
Definition
| decreases volume by increasing intracellular fluid; increases hematocrit |
|
|
Term
| dopamine therapeutic uses |
|
Definition
| severe congestive failure; acute improvement in severe renal or cardiac failure, no long term benefit |
|
|
Term
| two major disease states for beta agonism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dobutamine therapeutic uses |
|
Definition
| acute relief post cardiac surgery; myocardial infarction; congestive heart failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| beta agonists and asthma risk |
|
Definition
| chronic tolerance and death or near death |
|
|
Term
| amphetamine and blood pressure |
|
Definition
| raises both systolic and diastolic blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| adverse effects of alpha-1 antagonists |
|
Definition
| first use effects causing orthostatic hypotension; first use should be at bedtime |
|
|
Term
| alpha-2 antagonist ergot alkaloid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| also paralysis of accomodation; muscarinic agonists |
|
|
