Term
| What are the side effects of Sulfonlyureas? (3) |
|
Definition
| Hypoglycemia, cardiotoxicity and weight gain (10#+) |
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Term
| What do sulfonlyureas help do and what is an contraindication? |
|
Definition
| Promote insulin release and allergy is a problem to sulfa |
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Term
| What do meglitinides do and what is the prototype? |
|
Definition
| Stimulate pancreatic insulin release. Repaglinide is prototype |
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Term
| What is the side effect of meglitinides and what do you not give sulfonlyureas with meglitinides? |
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Definition
| Side effect: hypoglycemia. Don't give together because they have the same action. |
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Term
| Insulin Glargine: How long does it last? When do you usually give it? Can it be mixed with other insulin? |
|
Definition
| Lasts 24+ hrs. $$$ given at bedtime as basal dose and CAN NOT be mixed |
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Term
| Lispro insulin (Humalog) what's the onset and how long does it last? |
|
Definition
| very rapid onset and shorter duration than regular insulin and more $ |
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Term
| Insulin aspart: how quick and how long do it last? |
|
Definition
| Very fast and short but $$ |
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Term
| NPH Insulin: Can it be mixed? How long and how fast? |
|
Definition
| Cloudy, longer onset and action CAN be mixed with regular insulin |
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Term
| Tell me about Lente and ultralente insulin compared with NPH. Can it be mixed with others? |
|
Definition
| less allergic than NPH but CAN NOT be mixed with others. |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreases production of glucose by the liver used to prevent type 2 DM |
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|
Term
| What are some side effects of Metformin? What really needs to be healthy to be Rx this? |
|
Definition
| SE: decreased appetite, N and diarrhea. NND healthy kidneys for excretion |
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Term
| What does the drug Acarbose do? |
|
Definition
| Delays absorptoin of Carbs. |
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Term
| What are some side effects of Acarbose and what organ does it affect mostly? |
|
Definition
| flatulence, cramps, diarrhea, bloating, loud bowel sounds (borborygmus) Long term use impact liver |
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Term
| What are glucocortoids? and what are they used for? |
|
Definition
| they are stress hormones, carb, fat and protein metabolism. They are used for replacement therapy and for autoimmune therapy: allergy, Reumatoid arthi or SLE for example |
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|
Term
| What are some side effects of glucocortoids? |
|
Definition
| adrenal insufficiency, osteoporosis, elevated blood sugar, risk of infections and slow healing |
|
|
Term
| Name some side effects of androgens. |
|
Definition
| Virilization (2ndary sex changes, premature bone closure, choleterol changes and edema |
|
|
Term
| Name some uses for androgens. |
|
Definition
| Replacement therapy, use in breast cancer, sex drive stimulant, muscle bulking agent and delay puberty |
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Term
|
Definition
| Maintains bone mass and lowers cholesterol |
|
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Term
| Name some side effects of esterogen. |
|
Definition
| endometrial, overian and breast cancer, N |
|
|
Term
| What are some uses of estrogen. |
|
Definition
| Replacement therapy and tx of prostate cancer |
|
|
Term
| What does progestin cause and what are some side effects? |
|
Definition
| causes bleeding. SE: breast tenderness, spotting, amenorrhea |
|
|
Term
| Progestin is used for...... |
|
Definition
| PMS tx, endometrosis, uterine bleeding |
|
|
Term
| What are the first and second generation antihistamines? |
|
Definition
1st-diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
2nd- Fexofenadine (Allegra) |
|
|
Term
| Name some uses for antihistimes |
|
Definition
| allergy, motion sickness, insomnia, cold systoms |
|
|
Term
| Name some drug interactions for antihistimes. |
|
Definition
| alochol, 2nd yeast and some antibiotics result in dysrythmias |
|
|
Term
| Birth control may do what? |
|
Definition
| Raise blood sugar and BP, risk of multiple births when first discontinued. |
|
|
Term
| Name the two major drug groups for asthma. |
|
Definition
| Anti-inflammatory and bronchodilators |
|
|
Term
| What are the anti-inflammatory drugs for asthma? |
|
Definition
| Glucocortoids and Leukotriene modifiers |
|
|
Term
| What are the bronchodilators drugs for asthma? |
|
Definition
| Beta 2 Agonists, anticholingerics and Theophylline |
|
|
Term
| Uses of Beta 2 Agonists. What is the prototype? |
|
Definition
Asthma, COPD, bronchodilation and stopping of uterine contractions////
Albuterol |
|
|
Term
| Name some asthma management techniques. (3) |
|
Definition
| 1. Monitoring lung function: Flow meter 2. Stepped care 3. Avoid triggers 3. Hydration (thins mucous) |
|
|
Term
| Nasal decongestrants are usually what type of drugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the three types of cough meds and define each. |
|
Definition
1. anti-tussive- cough suppresant
2. expectorant- Gets mucous up and out
3. mucolytics- breaks down mucous, make thinner |
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|
Term
| What are some side effects of Albuterol? |
|
Definition
| CNS and CV stimulatin often tremors because they are beta 2 agonists |
|
|
Term
| Albuterol is used for what kind of situations? |
|
Definition
| For exercise PRN ans emerg. med. |
|
|
Term
| What are some uses of Cimetadine (Tagamet)? |
|
Definition
| ulcers, reflux, indigestion, and aspiration pneumonitis |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of Cimetadine? |
|
Definition
| Anti-andogenic properties (fat pad shifting, gynemastocia (boobs) and CNS effects (confusion, hallucinations, depression) |
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|
Term
| What is so good about Ranitidine (Zantac)? |
|
Definition
| More potent, fewer side effects and drug interactions |
|
|
Term
| Omeprazole (Prilosec) is what kind of drug and what SE's does it have? |
|
Definition
| Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) SE: headache, diarrhea, N and V |
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|
Term
| What do you have to beware when giving Sucralfate? |
|
Definition
| It will bind with other meds and minerals so you have to give it alone. Give with adequate H2O |
|
|
Term
| What is the side effect of Sucralfate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of antacids (2) |
|
Definition
| Constipation and diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| What should you not do when you take an antacid? |
|
Definition
| Do not take it with other meds as impairs absorption |
|
|
Term
| What are these ingredients (Na, Mg, Ca) contraindicated for what kind of patients? |
|
Definition
| Na for heart and blood pressure///Mg for renal///Ca for kidney stones |
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|
Term
| Define bulk formers? Can they be dosed to regulate consistency? |
|
Definition
| increase bulk and weight by water retention so gravity says downhill////Yes |
|
|
Term
| What type of laxative would you want to give to a heart patient or the elderly? |
|
Definition
| Bulk former so no strain. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Define stimulants. What is bad about them? |
|
Definition
| Stimulate muscle and H2O retention but cramps and fat vit. losses |
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|
Term
| What type of laxative draw H2O into stool? What kind of problem does it have? |
|
Definition
| Osmotics. Problem: W/ electrolytes (K,Mg) hard on heart and kidney patients |
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Term
| What cleanses bowel for X-ray but it doesn't give cramps or has electrolyte losses? How is it dosed? |
|
Definition
| Golytely///Drink 3L in 3 hrs ( 1C every 15 mins ) |
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|
Term
| What are three non drug helps for relieving constipation? |
|
Definition
| hydration, exercise, fiber |
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