Term
| What are the 3 Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors ? |
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Definition
C S T
Clavulanic Acid
Sulbactam
Taxobactam
They inactivate most Beta-Lactamases but do not have significant antibacterial activity |
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Term
| Cephalosporins are what type of antibiotics ? |
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Definition
Beta-lactam antibiotics
Are bactericidal |
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Term
| What increases moving from 1st to 3rd generation cephalosporins ? |
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Definition
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Term
| All Cephalosporins do not work against what type of bacteria ? |
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Definition
| All bacteria that don't have a cell wall...like "Listeria", Enterococci, Legionella, Mycoplasma, etc... |
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Term
| Two 1st generation cephalosporins ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drug is DOC (drug of choice) for surgical prophylaxis ? |
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Definition
| Cefazolin (but not for colo-rectal surgery) |
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Term
| Exs of 2nd generation Cephalosporins ? |
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Definition
C C C C
Cefaclor, Cefoxitin, Cefotetan, Cefamandole
Primarily used to treat sinusitis, otitis, and lower resp. tract infections |
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Term
| What 2 drugs are prophylaxis and therapy of abdominal and pelvic cavity interactions ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Exs of 3rd generation cephalosporins ? |
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Definition
C C C C C
Ceftriaxone, Cefoperazone, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Cefixime
Highly active against enterobacteriacae, Neisseria, and H. Influenzae |
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Term
| What is DOC for gonorrhea, DOC for meningitis due to ampicillin-resistant H. Influenzae, prophylaxis of meningitis in exposed individuals, and trt of Lyme disease ? |
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Definition
| Ceftriaxone (3rd generation cephalosporin) |
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Term
| Ex) of 4th generation Cephalosporin ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the only cephalosporin with activity against MRSA ? |
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Definition
| 5th generation cephalosporin (Ceftaroline) |
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Term
| Cefipime is used to trt what ? |
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Definition
| Trt of infections with susceptible organisms (ex: UTIs, complicated intra-abdominal infections, febrile neutropenia) |
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Term
| What 2 cephalosporins are excreted via bile ? |
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Definition
| Ceftriaxone and Cefoperazone |
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Term
| Minor penicillin allergic patients can be treated by what type of drug ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cefamandole, Cefoperazone, and Cefotetan can cause what two adverse effects ? |
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Definition
| Hypoprothrombinemia (Vit K can prevent this) and Disulfiram-like reactions (avoid alcohol) |
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Term
| Two exs) of Carbapenems ? |
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Definition
I M
Imipenem and Meropenem |
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Term
| Carbapenems are DOC for ? |
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Definition
Enterobacter infections
Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase producing Gram-negatives |
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Term
| What happens if Imipenem is combined with enzyme inhibitor Cilastatin ? |
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Definition
| It prevents metabolism thus prevents toxicity and increases availability |
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Term
| 3 adverse effects of Carbapenems ? |
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Definition
1) GI distress (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
2) High levels of Imipenem can provoke seizures (so epilepsy is absolute contraindication)
3) Allergic reactions (partial cross-reactivity with penicillins) |
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Term
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Definition
Caspofungin
Not active against Cryptococcus
Inhibits synthesis of (1-3)-D-glucans in the fungal cell wall |
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Term
| Anti-Fungal agent Posaconazole is given to fight what fungi ? |
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Definition
Zygomycetes such as Mucor
Inhibits CYP3A4 |
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Term
| Drug of choice for invasive Aspergillosis ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which topical drug used to trt superficial mycoses is a polyene macrolide and has same structure and function as Amphotericin B ? |
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Definition
Nystatin
Used only for Candidiasis
Too toxic for IV administration |
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Term
| Trt for Tinea Corporis (ringworm) ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common opportunistic infection in HIV-infected pts. and DOC (drug of choice) for trt ? |
|
Definition
Pneumocystis Jirovecii
Co-trimoxazole |
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Term
| Two drug exs) of Epipodophyllotoxins ? |
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Definition
Etoposide and Tenoposide
Mechanism of action is Topoisomerase 2 inhibition
Used for Germ cell tumor, AML, and lung cancer |
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Term
| Two exs) of Camptothecins ? |
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Definition
Topotecan and Irinotecan
Mechanism of Action: Topoisomerase I Inhibition
Topotecan is used for Cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer
Irinotecan is used for colon and rectal cancer |
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