Term
| Are anticoagulants good option for pre-existing clots ? |
|
Definition
| No, they only work to prevent formation of thrombi |
|
|
Term
| Examples of thrombolytics and how do they act ? |
|
Definition
Streptokinase, urokinase, alteplase, reteplase, tenecteplase
Thrombolytics break blood clots and they do this by converting plasminogen to plasmin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Protein" produced by Beta Hemolytic streptococi |
|
|
Term
| Urokinase is approved for what ? |
|
Definition
| Approved for lysis of pulmonary emboli |
|
|
Term
| Ateplase, Reteplase, and Tenecteplase are what type of drugs ? |
|
Definition
| They are TPAs (tissue plasminogen activators). All these are "fibrin selective"....whereas streptokinase and urokinase are non-fibrin selective |
|
|
Term
| An example of a plasminogen activation inhibitor ? |
|
Definition
Aminocaproic acid
It inhibits plasminogen activation |
|
|
Term
| What amino acid is protamine sulfate high in ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vitamin K antagonist is ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If babies do not receive this vitamin, they can have bleeding ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should be given as trts for drug-induced hypoprothrombinemia (like from rat poison or insecticides) ? |
|
Definition
Vitamin K in oral or parenteral forms
If need immediate hemostasis, fresh-frozen plasma should be infused |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel |
|
|
Term
| Diff. b/w primary and secondary hemostatis ? |
|
Definition
Primary hemostasis is platelet aggregation
Secondary hemostasis is coagulation |
|
|
Term
| 3 types of drugs used to reduce clotting ? |
|
Definition
P A T
Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
Anticoagulants
Thrombolytics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It inhibits TXA2 (Thromboxane A2) by irreversibly acetylating the COX1 and COX 2 enzymes |
|
|
Term
| What needs to form for a clot to form ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are clopidogrel and ticlopidine ? |
|
Definition
Are ADP receptor blockers, so they are irreversible inhibitors of P2Y12
Clopidogrel is preferred over ticlopidine |
|
|
Term
| Should clopidogrel and omeprazole be given together ? |
|
Definition
| No, because Omeprazole is a CYP2C19 inhibitor, so it reduces plasma levels of active metabolite of clopidogrel |
|
|
Term
| Ex of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor ? |
|
Definition
Dipyridamole
It is a coronary vasodilator
Used prophylactically to treat angina pectoris |
|
|
Term
| The 11b/111a complex is ? |
|
Definition
| a receptor for fibrinogen |
|
|
Term
| 3 drugs that are blockers of platelet 11b/111a receptors ? |
|
Definition
| Abciximab, Eptifibatide, and Tirofiban |
|
|
Term
| All heparins can only be given by what method ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is low molecular weight heparin better or unfractionated heparin ? |
|
Definition
LMWH is better b/c its efficacy is equal, has higher bioavailability, longer half-life, and less frequent dosing requirements
It also inhibits Xa but has less effect on thrombin than UFH |
|
|
Term
| What do you need to convert fibrinogen to fibrin ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is it usually necessary to monitor LMWH blood levels ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the therapy for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Type 2 ? |
|
Definition
| Discontinue heparin and administer a DTI (direct thrombin inhibitor) or Fondaparinux |
|
|
Term
| Heparin overdose can be treated by administering ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fondaparinux is approved for ? |
|
Definition
| Prevention and treatment of DVT |
|
|
Term
| 3 examples of DTIs (direct thrombin inhibitors) ? |
|
Definition
L B A
Lepirudin
Bivalirudin
Argatroban |
|
|
Term
| Method of action of Warfarin ? |
|
Definition
| Warfarin inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase |
|
|
Term
| How to monitor Warfarin levels ? |
|
Definition
| By monitoring PT ; results are expressed as INR |
|
|
Term
| 2 adverse effects of Warfarin ? |
|
Definition
1) Hemorrhage
2) Cutaneous necrosis due to reduced activity of protein C
Note: Warfarin is Pregnancy category X, and should never be given during pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| Another name for Christmas disease ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Iron deficiency anemia is what type of anemia ? |
|
Definition
| Hypochromic Microcytic anemia |
|
|
Term
| Acute blood loss is what type of anemia ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug can be given to treat acute iron toxicity ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Vitamin B12 absorbed in the body ? |
|
Definition
| Forms a complex with intrinsic factor, and is absorbed in the distal ileum by a receptor-mediated transport system |
|
|
Term
| What happens if you give folic acid in the presence of vitamin B12 deficiency ? |
|
Definition
| It corrects the anemia but does not prevent neurologic manifestations |
|
|
Term
| Can folate deficiency cause a neurologic syndrome ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some drugs that can cause megaloblastic anemia ? |
|
Definition
| Methotrexate, Trimethoprim, and Pyrimethamine because they inhibit dihydrofolate reductase |
|
|
Term
| What are the uses for Filgrastim and Sargramostin ? |
|
Definition
| Used to accelerate recovery of neutrophils after cancer chemotherapy |
|
|
Term
| What is Interleukin 11 used for ? |
|
Definition
| Increases the number of peripheral platelets, and is used for patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy |
|
|
Term
| What is Hydroxyurea used for ? |
|
Definition
| In sickle-cell disease, the drug increases HbF, thus diluting HbS |
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse effects of Hydroxyurea ? |
|
Definition
| Bone marrow suppression and cutaneous vasculitis |
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