Term
| Which type of GABA receptors are most common in the CNS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of ion do GABA receptors let in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which GABA receptors are ionotropic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which GABA receptors are metabotropic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which GABA receptors are found in the retina? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which subunits do barbiturates work on? |
|
Definition
| they work on a and B, but NOT gamma |
|
|
Term
| Which subunits to zolpidem, zaleplon, and eszopiclonen work on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false: Benzos work on all alpha subunits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does tiagabine work on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does vigabatrin work on? |
|
Definition
| It blocks GABA-T, increasing concentration of GABA in synapses |
|
|
Term
| What drug is associated with retinal atrophy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug is an antagonist to benzodiazepines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What benzos are intermediate acting? |
|
Definition
| Lorazepam, Alprazolam, Temazepam, Estazolam (remember LATE) |
|
|
Term
| Which benzos are short acting? |
|
Definition
| Triazolam, midozolam, clorazepate, zolpidem (NON benzo) |
|
|
Term
| Which benzos are long acting? |
|
Definition
| Chlorodiazepoxide, clonazepam, diazepam, flurazepam, quazepam (mostly PAMS) |
|
|
Term
| True or false: benzos stimulate gaba receptors directly |
|
Definition
| false: they bind allosterically and modulate the frequency of Cl- ion channel opening |
|
|
Term
| True or false: benzo overdose is frequently fatal |
|
Definition
| false: due to the indirect nature of benzos, they do not usually cause severe CNS depression |
|
|
Term
| True or false: benzos do NOT cause a true general anestesia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which benzo is associated with fatal respiratory depression? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the drug of choice for pre-procedure anxiety? |
|
Definition
| Midozalam. It's rapid onsdet and sedative/amnesstic abilities are preferred here. |
|
|
Term
| True or false: benzos increase the length of REM sleep |
|
Definition
| false: they alter sleep architecture and DECREASE REM sleep |
|
|
Term
| Which benzo has the most antiepilleptic effects? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the mechanisms for benzo tolerance? |
|
Definition
| decreased expression of GABA-A receptors and uncoupling of the binding site from the GABA receptor |
|
|
Term
| Which benzo has the least rebound insomnia? |
|
Definition
| Flurazepam. It's long half-life means it does not cause rebound insomnia, but it DOES sometimes cause daytime sedation. |
|
|
Term
| True or false: barbiturates directly stimulate GABA receptors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of barbiturates on Cl- channels? |
|
Definition
| They increase opening time, allowing for greater Cl- influx |
|
|
Term
| Which drugs are used for partial tonic-clonic seizures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drugs are used for status epileptics? |
|
Definition
| pentobarbital and amobarbital |
|
|
Term
| Which barbiturates are used for anesthesia? |
|
Definition
| thiopental, pentobarbatial, and methohexital |
|
|
Term
| True or false, barbiturates undergo signifcant first-pass metabolism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false, barbiturates are CYP inhibitors |
|
Definition
| False: they are CYP inducers |
|
|
Term
| What things do barbiturates have drug interactions with? |
|
Definition
| benzodiazepines, phenytoin, digoxin, oral contraceptives, steroid hormones, bile salts, cholesterol, and vitamins D and K |
|
|
Term
| True or false: barbiturates can cause fatal CNS depression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false: barbiturates are contraindicated in pulminary insufficiency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false: rapid administration of barbiturates via IV is not associated with cardiovascular problems |
|
Definition
| False: it can cause cardiovascular collapse. |
|
|
Term
| What is baclofen used for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is baclofen's mechanism of action? |
|
Definition
| it stimulates GABA receptors in the spinal cord to increase Ca+ and K+ second messengers downstream |
|
|
Term
| True or false: chronic oral baclofen is associated with tolerance |
|
Definition
| False: there is no tolerance to oral baclofen |
|
|
