Term
| Which class of drugs can be used to lower blood pressure? |
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Definition
| Adrenergic Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, ACE Inhibitors, Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers, and Diuretics. |
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Term
| How does the liver use Vitamin K? |
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Definition
| Vitamin K is used to make 4 clotting factors. |
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Term
| Which class of drugs produces a negative chronotropic effect and a positive inotropic effect? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The pressure in the aorta that needs to me overcome for blood to be ejected from the left side of the heart. |
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Term
| What is a chronotropic effect? |
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Definition
| It causes a change in heart rate. |
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Term
| A positive chronotropic effect: |
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Definition
| Increases the heart rate. |
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Term
| A negative chronotropic effect: |
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Definition
| Decreases the heart rate. |
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Term
| Describe the Frank-Starling Law: |
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Definition
| The greater the stretch on myocardial fibers, the greater the force in which they will contract. |
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Term
| What is an inotropic effect? |
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Definition
| A change in the strength or contractility of the heart. |
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Term
| A positive inotropic effect: |
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Definition
| Increases the force of contractions. |
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Term
| A negative inotropic effect: |
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Definition
| Decreases the force of contractions. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The degree of stretch of cardiac muscle fibers just before they contract. |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of blood ejected from the ventricles with each beat of the heart. |
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Term
| How do adrenergic blockers lower blood pressure? |
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Definition
| They block the sympathetic nervous system (sympatholytics). |
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Term
| How do calcium channel blockers lower blood pressure? |
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Definition
| They block the channels to prevent Calcium from entering the cell. |
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Term
| How do ACE Inhibitors lower blood pressure? |
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Definition
| They prevent angiotensinconverting enzyme from producing angiotensin II. |
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Term
| How do angiotensin-receptor blockers lower blood pressure? |
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Definition
| They block the action of angiotensin II after it is formed. |
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Term
| How do diuretics lower blood pressure? |
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Definition
| They increase excretion of water and electrolytes, and block reabsorption of sodium and chloride. |
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Term
| Name 4 Calcium Channel Blockers: |
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Definition
| Amlodipine, verapamil, nifedipine, and diltiazem. |
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Term
| What drug class are warfarin and heparain in? |
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Definition
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Term
| Metoprolol and Propanolol are in what drug class? |
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Definition
| Adrenergic Blockers: metoprolol is a Beta 1 Selective blocker and propanolol is a non-selective beta blocker. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Phenytoin and Carbamazepine. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Which drug is used for conscious sedation and to control status epilepticus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Acetaminophen belongs to which drug class? |
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Definition
| nonopoid analgesic and antipyretic |
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Term
| What are the main adverse effects of aspirin and other non-selective COX inhibitors? |
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Definition
| Bleeding, Bruising, and upset stomach. |
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Term
| What are the possible adverse effects for acetaminophen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the potential adverse effects for COX2 Inhibitors? |
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Definition
| Myocardial infarction, liver failure. |
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Term
| What are the potential adverse effects for opoids? |
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Definition
| Sedation and respiratory depression, decreased GI motility, decreased cough reflex, dependency, euphoria. |
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Term
| What are the potential adverse effects for general anesthetics? |
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Definition
| heart failure, lung irritation, coughing, mucus secretion, laryngospasm, nausea, decreased GI motility, liver damage |
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Term
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Definition
| They inhibit the release of substance P (a neurotransmitter) to decrease transmission of pain messages from the peripheral nerves to the spinal nerves. |
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Term
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Definition
| They inhibit the enzyme involved in prostaglandin formation, COX. |
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