Term
|
Definition
| DNA or RNA, protein coat, envelope, spikes, infect specific cells |
|
|
Term
| How is host range for a virus determined: |
|
Definition
| specific host attachment sites and cellular factors |
|
|
Term
| Steps of viral multiplication |
|
Definition
| attachment, penetration, uncoating, biosynthesis, maturation, release |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| viruses attaches to cell membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs through endocytosis of fusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| due to viral or host enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| production of nucleic acid and proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nucleic acid and capsid proteins assemble |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| by budding for enveloped viruses or rupture |
|
|
Term
| cancer develops when __________ transform normal cells into cancerous cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| characteristics of cancerous cells: |
|
Definition
| increased growth, loss of contact inhibition, tumor specific transplant and T antigens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Virus remains in asymptomatic host cell for long periods (ex. cold sores, shingles) |
|
|
Term
| persistent viral infections: |
|
Definition
| Disease processes occurs over a long period, generally fatal (like measles) |
|
|
Term
| viruses are _____________ parasites |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acyclovir is a nucleoside analog similar to_______. |
|
Definition
| guanosine but contains acyclic sugar |
|
|
Term
| AZT is a nucleoside analog similar to _______. |
|
Definition
| thymidine, but contains an azide group |
|
|
Term
| Acyclovir is a prodrug which treats: |
|
Definition
| HSV and VZV and must be activated by 3 kinase activities in teh cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acyclic guanine derivative that inhibits viral DNA synthesis |
|
|
Term
| T/F Acyclovir has no effect on host DNA replication because the first kinase activity is not found in an noninfected cell. |
|
Definition
| TRUE! this is why acyclovir is so very safe and effective agains HSV and VZV |
|
|
Term
| MOA of Azidothymidine (AZT) |
|
Definition
| Dideoxy analog of thymidine that inhibits viral DNA synthesis; competes with thymidine monophosphate |
|
|
Term
| Examples of protease inhibitors: |
|
Definition
| saquinavir, ritonavi, indiravir |
|
|
Term
| protease inhibitor work by: |
|
Definition
| inhibiting HIV protease, they are unlceavable mimics of polyprotein products of Gag-pol gene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protease inhibitor, Inhibits the HIV-1 aspartic protease enzyme; induces CYP3A4 |
|
|
Term
| aspartic protease enzyme is involved in the posttranslational processing of gag and gag-pol gene products into _________ and ______________. |
|
Definition
| structural proteins; replication enzymes |
|
|
Term
| T/F The oral solution of Amprenavir, which contains propylene glycol is contraindicated in pregnant women & young children. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protease inhibitor; Inhibits the HIV-1 aspartic protease enzyme;involved in the posttranslational processing of gag and gag-pol gene products |
|
|
Term
| Atazanavir requires ____________ for absorption. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Examples of immunomodulators: |
|
Definition
| standard interferons (Roferon and Intron-A)and pegylated interferons (pegasys) |
|
|
Term
| Interferon alfa-2b (Intron-A) is uses in cases of allergy to _________. |
|
Definition
| PEGylation (attachment of polyethylene glycol) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| suppresses cell proliferation; Causes an increase in phagocytic activity of macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells; Increases maturation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Decreased elimination from the body
Increased half-life
Less frequent dosing |
|
|
Term
| Lamivudine (Epivir-HBV) MOA: |
|
Definition
| A reverse transcriptase inhibitor; is phosphorylated to LAM-TP which competitvely inhibits HBV DNA polymerase |
|
|
Term
| Lamivudine is a ________analog. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F after discontinuation of lamivudine treatment, hepatitis may be exacerbatied. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits viral reverse transcriptase to act agains HIV-1 and HBV. 4-10x greater activity than lamivudine. |
|
|
Term
| Telbivudine (Tyzeka) MOA: |
|
Definition
| PRODRUG; Inhibits HBV DNA polymerase; phosphorylated by cellular kinase to active triphosphave form; low resistance with log-term use! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PRODRUG to tx hepB; analog of adenosine monophosphate; Inhibits DNA replication by replaces deoxyadenosine monophosphate in hepatitis B virus DNA, leading to a DNA chain termination |
|
|
Term
| Adefovir diphosphate replaces _______ in hepatitis B virus DNA, leading to a DNA chain termination. |
|
Definition
| deoxyadenosine monophosphate |
|
|
Term
| Entecavir (Baraclude) is a ___________ analog. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA of Entecavir (Baraclude): |
|
Definition
Competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate;
Blocks replication; treats HepB |
|
|
Term
| T/F Entecavir (Baraclude) treats HIV. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pleconaril is an _________ virus agent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ and ________ are active against influenza A viruses |
|
Definition
| Amantadine and rimantadine |
|
|
Term
| The target of Amantadine and rimantadine is___________. |
|
Definition
| the matrix protein M2; Drug-treated cells are unable to lower the pH of the endosomal compartment (a function normally controlled by the M2 gene product), a process which is essential to induce conformational changes in the protein to permit membrane fusion. |
|
|
Term
| Relenza and Tamiflu work somewhere in these steps of virus growth: |
|
Definition
| assembly/maturation/release |
|
|
Term
| Examples of NRTIs (Nucleoside-Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors): |
|
Definition
| Zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine, stavudine |
|
|
Term
| MOA of Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs): |
|
Definition
are not incorporated into viral DNA
they inhibit HIV replication directly by binding non-competitively to reverse transcriptase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Delavirdine (Rescriptor)
Nevirapine (Viramune) |
|
|
Term
| protease inhibitors used to treat HIV-1 |
|
Definition
sasquinavir (invirase)
Ritonavir (Norvir)
Indinavir (Crixivan)
Nelfinavir (Viracept) |
|
|
Term
| family of the Flu viruses: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| subclassifications of Flu A: |
|
Definition
Hemagglutinin (H) sub-type
Neuraminidase (N) sub-type |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
H1N1
H3N2
Note: if you see a last number that's a big number, it's either swine flu or some strains of bird flu. |
|
|
Term
| antigen drift vs antigen shift in Flu virus: |
|
Definition
drift is WITHIN HN sub-type
shift is BETWEEN |
|
|
Term
| antiviral Neuraminidase inhibitor approved for flu |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| M2 ion channel activity inhibitor to tx flu: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| potential serious AEs of Amantadine |
|
Definition
| teratogen in animals; impairs fertility |
|
|
Term
| T/F Rimantidine is embryotoxic/produces maternal toxicity in high doses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Zanamivir (relinza) MOA and use |
|
Definition
| Blocks active site of all neuroaminidase (NA) proteins. Used to prevent flu symptoms and is a spray |
|
|
Term
| Antimicrobial Drugs That Affect the Bacterial Cell Wall |
|
Definition
| penicillins and cephalosporins |
|
|
Term
| Drugs That Inhibit Nucleic Acid Synthesis |
|
Definition
| chloroquine and quinolones |
|
|
Term
| Drugs That Block Protein Synthesis |
|
Definition
| Aminoglycosides (streptomycin, gentamycin) insert on sites on the 30S subunit and cause misreading of mRNA |
|
|
Term
| Antimicrobial Drugs That Disrupt Cell Membrane Function |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drugs that Affect Metabolic Pathways |
|
Definition
| Sulfonamides and trimethoprim block enzymes required for tetrahydrofolate synthesis needed for DNA and RNA synthesis |
|
|
Term
| types of protozoal infections |
|
Definition
Malaria
Leishmaniasis
Amebiasis
Giardiasis
Trichomoniasis |
|
|
Term
| MOA of the antiprotazoal Atovaquone |
|
Definition
| blocks mitochondrial electron transport, leading to cellular death (treats P. carinii) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disruption of DNA synthesis as well as nucleic acid synthesis |
|
|
Term
| MOA of the antiprotozoal Pentamidine: |
|
Definition
does everything!
inhibits:DNA/RNA, protein synthesis, glucose metabolism
binds to ribosomes
blocks intracellular AA transport |
|
|
Term
| Example of an amebicide that directly kills the protozoa and is used in intestinal amebiasis |
|
Definition
| iodoquinol (Yodoxin, Di-Quinol) |
|
|
Term
| Paromomycin is an amebicide that is also udes to manage this health condition: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
P. falciparum
P. vivax
P ovale,
P malariae |
|
|
Term
| malaria is transmitted by: |
|
Definition
| mosquito, infected individuals (H to H), blood transfusion, congenitally, infected needles |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of malaria: are due to release of massive number of _________into circulation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in malaria, antibodies are against _____ and ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Malaria, the activated macrophages promotes the destruction of infected _________ and antibody coated merozoites. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Cell mediated immunity may help in the elimination of infected erythrocytes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what mosquito carries malaria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| examples of quinine derivative txs of malaria: |
|
Definition
Quinine sulphate
Chloroquine
Mefloquine
Primaquine |
|
|
Term
| The principal antimalarial drug in much of the world is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chloroquine cannot treat this strain of malaria: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA of chloroquine (an antimalarial) |
|
Definition
| acts by concentrating in parasite food vacuoles, preventing the polymerization of the hemoglobin breakdown product, heme, into hemozoin and thus eliciting parasite toxicity due to the buildup of free heme |
|
|
Term
| This antimalarial that is closely related to chloroquine is cheap, not too toxic, and effective against chloroquine-resistant P falciparum: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1st line therapies for falciparum malaria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA of quinine and quinidine: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antimalarial that is not active against hepatic stages or gametocytes and works really well on falciparum (not approved tx) and vivax |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| drug of choice for the eradication of dormant liver forms and dormant hypnozoite stages of P vivax and P ovale and is active agains hepatic stages of ALL malaria parasites |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F inhibitors of folate synthesis are used for tx and prevention of malaria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Pyrimethamine and proguanil act slowly against erythrocytic forms of susceptible strains of all four human malaria species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pyrimethamine and proguanil selectively inhibit ________________, a key enzyme in the pathway for synthesis of folate. |
|
Definition
| plasmodial dihydrofolate reductase |
|
|
Term
| Sulfonamides and sulfones inhibit this enzyme in the folate pathway and are used to tx malaria: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical uses of inhibitors of folate synthase: |
|
Definition
Chemoprophylaxis:
Treatment of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria
Presumptive treatment of falciparum malaria
Toxoplasmosis
Pneumocystosis |
|
|
Term
| Tetracycline and doxycycline are active against _________ of all human malaria parasites. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this drug can be used in those for whom doxycycline is not recommended, such as children and pregnant women to tx erythrocytic schizonts of malaria: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this phenanthrene-methanol is effective against erythrocytic stages of all four human malaria species but not active against hepatic stages or gametocytes and is related to quinine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a phenanthrene-menthanol for malaria tx that causes irregular absorption and cardiac toxicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide that is a very rapidly acting blood schizonticides against all human malaria parasites. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA of artemisinin antimalarial activity |
|
Definition
| the production of free radicals that follows the iron-catalyzed cleavage of the artemisinin endoperoxide bridge in the parasite food vacuole |
|
|
Term
| in addition to antimalaria activity, chloroquine is used for: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens in the S phase of growth: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens in the G2 phase: |
|
Definition
| synthesis of components of mitosis |
|
|
Term
| __________ are capable of secreting and organizing collagenous extracellular matrix |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One of the main characteristics of cancer cells is the loss to a varying degree of the capacity to __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Poorly differentiated cancers ______ _____and have a poor prognosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Loss of spatial relationships with respect to neighboring cells |
|
|
Term
| positive factors of metastasis: |
|
Definition
adhesion receptors,
motility cytokines,
proteases |
|
|
Term
| negative factors of metastasis |
|
Definition
Metastasis suppressor genes
Protease inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| stages of uncontrolled proliferation: |
|
Definition
| initiation, promotion, spread |
|
|
Term
| during this stage of cancer development, the cell's genetic material primes the cell to become cancerous. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| things that encourage promote cancer cells |
|
Definition
| ionizing radiation; barbitruates; environmental factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leukemias and lymphomas, carcinomas, sarcomas |
|
|
Term
| cancers of the blood and blood-forming tissues and cells of the immune system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cancers of epithelial cells, which are cells that cover the surface of the body, produce hormones, and make up glands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cancers of mesodermal cells, which are the cells that form muscles and connective tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F people with Down syndrome, who have three instead of the usual two copies of chromosome 21, have a 12 to 20 times higher risk of developing acute leukemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| People who are ________ have a higher risk of cancer of the breast, lining of the uterus (endometrium), colon, kidneys, and esophagus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| viruses that cause cancer: |
|
Definition
| HPV, HepB, HepC, retroviruses |
|
|
Term
| MDR-1 gene is involved with _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drugs that reverse multidrug resistance: |
|
Definition
| quinidine and cyclosporine |
|
|
Term
| MDR increases resistance to natural drug products like: |
|
Definition
| anthracyclines and vinca alkaloids |
|
|
Term
| examples of alkylating agents |
|
Definition
| nitrogen mustards (cyclophosphamide); ethylenimaines (thiotepa); alkyl sulfonates (busulfan); nitrosoureas (carmustine) |
|
|
Term
| MOA of alkylating agents: |
|
Definition
| Alkylate within DNA at the N7 position of guanine which results in miscoding through abnormal pairing with tymine or in depurination |
|
|
Term
| examples of nitrogen mustards: |
|
Definition
Cyclophosphamide
Ifosfamide
Mechlorethamine
Melphalan
Chlorambucil |
|
|
Term
| PRODRUG immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the liver to form the active aldophosphamide. |
|
Definition
| cyclophosphamide, a precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic |
|
|
Term
| A necrotizing irritant destructive to mucous membranes that used to be used in chemical warfare and is now used as an antineoplastic in hodgkin's and lymphomas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the _____ form of melphalan is used as an antineoplastic because the other forms are toxic to bone marrow. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chlorambucil, a nitrogen mustard, is used for: |
|
Definition
| used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Carmustine
Lomustine
Semustine
Streptozocin |
|
|
Term
| this nitrosourea contains a naturally occurring sugar |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F -platins and -carbazines act as alkylating agents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AE of cyclophosphamide/Ifosfamide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F -platins are ototoxic and nephrotoxic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insulin-secreting islet cells and carcinoma fo the pancreas |
|
|
Term
| 3 types of antimetabolites: |
|
Definition
Folic Acid Analogs (Methotrexate);
Purine Analogs (Mercaptoguanine);
Pyrimidine Analogs(Fluorouracil) |
|
|
Term
| T/F MTX prevents the formation of THF, causing an intracellular deficiency of folate coenzymes and accumulation of the toxic inhibitory substrate, DHF polyglutamate which ultimately interrupts DNA and RNA synthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pyrimidine analogues that are cytotoxic antimetabolites: |
|
Definition
| fluorouracil, cytarabine, gemcitabine, capecitabine |
|
|
Term
| purine analogues that are cytotoxic antimetabolites (purine antagonists): |
|
Definition
| thioguanine and mercaptopurine, lfudarabine and cladribine |
|
|
Term
| MOA of fludarabine phosphate |
|
Definition
| phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the triphosphate form; inhibits DNA polymerase-alpha and ribonucleotide reductase to INDUCE APOPTOSIS |
|
|
Term
| MOA of cladribine (antineoplastic used to tx lymphomo/leukemia) |
|
Definition
| causes DNA strand breaks after being phosphorylated by deoxycytidine kinase and incorporated into DNA |
|
|
Term
| Fluorouracil is a pyrimidine antagonist that works in this phase of cell development: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) inhibits thymidylate synthase therefore causing depletion of Thymidylate and overall inhibition of RNA processing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Metastatic carcinomas of the breast and the GI tract; can be used for colon cancer when combined with levamisole |
|
|
Term
| Levamisole combined with______is used to tx colon cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOA of cytarabine, a pyrimidine nucleoside analog: |
|
Definition
| accumulation of AraCTP that Inhibits DNA synthesis due to competitive (-) of polymerases and interference of chain elongation |
|
|
Term
| T/F cytarabine induces tumor cell differentiation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F AraC is cell-cycle specific agent, it kills cells in the S-phase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cytarabine is used therapeutically to: |
|
Definition
| induce remission of acute leukemia, tx leukemia and non-hodgkins |
|
|
Term
| Gemcitabine is ___-phase specific |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Gemcitabine is a deoxycytidine antimetabolite that inhibits BOTH DNA replication and repair |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| solid tumors (lung, bladder, breast, ovary, etc)e |
|
|
Term
| examples of plant alkaloids: |
|
Definition
Vinca Alkaloids (Vinblastine);
Podophyllotoxins (Etoposide);
Camptothecins (Topotecan);
Taxanes (Paclitaxel) |
|
|
Term
| MOA of vinca alkaloids (which start with vin) |
|
Definition
| Inhibit microtubules (spindle), causing metaphase cell arrest in M phase therefore terminating assembly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| systemic hodgkins and lymphomas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-small cell lung cancer |
|
|
Term
| Semi-synthetic derivatives of extracts from the root of the mayapple |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blocks cells in the late S-G2 phase of the cell cycle through inhibition of topoisomerase II |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A podophyllotoxin used to tx prostate cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
topotec and irinotecan
(thecins end in tecan) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Interfere with the activity of Topoisomerase I
causes DNA damage |
|
|
Term
| T/F irinotecan is a prodrug |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| txs metastatic ovarian cancer (cisplatin-resistant) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| taxanes have tax in their name, are used for breast cancer (our examples are anyway), and are derived from: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mitotic “spindle poison” through the enhancement of tubulin polymerization |
|
|
Term
| antibiotics for cancer tx include lots that end in mycin or rubicin and work by |
|
Definition
| binding to DNA to interfere with cell replication, cause DNA strand scission, or intercalate btw base pairs of new RNA or DNA |
|
|
Term
| MOA of anthracyclines (-rubicins) |
|
Definition
| bind to DNA through intercalation and block DNA and RNA synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Binds to double stranded DNA through intercalation between adjacent guanine-cytosine base pairs to inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wilm's tumors, gestational choriocarcinoma |
|
|
Term
| T/F plicamycin binds to DNA through an antibiotic-Mg2+ complex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F mitomycin is a bioreductive alkylating agent that eventually is involved wtih cross-linking of DNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Bleomycin binds to DNA, which results in single and double strand breaks following free radical formation and inhibition of DNA synthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bleomycin is cell cycle specific for __ stage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| types of hormonal anticancer agents: |
|
Definition
Estrogen & Androgen Inhibitors
(Tamoxifen); Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists
(Leuprolide); Aromatase Inhibitors (Aminogluthethimide) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tamoxifen (SERMs)
Raloxifene (SERMs)
Faslodex |
|
|
Term
| tamoxifen works in _____phase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Action of Aminogluthethimide |
|
Definition
| Inhibits the conversion of cholesterol of pregnenolone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| selective nonsteroidal inhibitor of aromatase; used to treat advanced estrogen and progesterone receptor positive breast cancer that is no longer responsive to tamoxifen |
|
|
Term
| T/F Asparaginase is isolated bacterial enzyme that reduces blood glutamine levels and inhibits protein synthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hydroxyurea is S-phase specific and inhibits DNA synthesis by |
|
Definition
| inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase depletion of deoxynucleoside triphosphate pools |
|
|
Term
| chronic inflammation is dues to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lymphocytes in persistent inflammation have an altered functional status leading to: |
|
Definition
Apoptosis
activation markers
altered functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a diverse group of soluble proteins and peptides which act as humoral regulators at nano- to- picomolar concentrations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Virus-encoded factors influence the activities of cytokines by: |
|
Definition
| inhibiting syntehsis and release; interfering with cytokines and their receptors; signal transmission; antagonizing effects of host cytokines |
|
|
Term
| T/F Most chemokines have 4 cysteine residues which form disulphide bonds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Alpha IFN & Beta IFN: Cause cells to produce antiviral proteins that inhibit viral replication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Gamma IFN: Causes neutrophils and macrophages to phagocytize bacteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| drugs affecting T-cell activation: |
|
Definition
Cyclosporin
Tacrolimus
Sirolimus |
|
|
Term
| t/f cyclosporin and tacrtolimus block calcineurin, inhibits T cells activation, inhibits IL-2 production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antiproliferatives (examples) |
|
Definition
Glucocorticoids
Azathioprine
Cyclophosphamide
Mycophenolate |
|
|
Term
| T/F azathioprine blocks purine synthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alkylates DNA and inhibits cell division (especially in B lymphocytes): may cause hemorrhagic cystits |
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Term
|
Definition
azathioprine (organ rejection)
mycopheolate (renal transplant)
cylcophospamide (bone marrow transplant)
methotrexate (graft vs host disease) |
|
|
Term
| alefacept blocks CD2 on t-lymphocyte |
|
Definition
| abatacept blocks CD80/86 on antigen presenting cell |
|
|
Term
| ipilumumab blocks CTLA4 on T cell |
|
Definition
| Efalizumab blocks LFA1 on t-lymphocyte |
|
|
Term
| Anti-TNF (tumor necrosis factor) agents |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Monoclonal anti-B cell agents |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Monoclonal anti-complement agents |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F adalimumab blocks tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) but not lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F abatacepts compromises the extracellular domain of human CTLA4 and a fragment of the Fc domain of human IgG1 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Methotrexate
Leflunomide
Colchicine |
|
|
Term
| T/F Colchicine Inhibits microtubules, mitosis and leukocyte migration |
|
Definition
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Term
| T/F types of immunotherapies include costimulator or suppressor signaling molecules, adoptive transfer of immune cells, antagonist peptides, and oral tolerance |
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Definition
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|
Term
Cyclosporine
inhibit IL-2 gene expression |
|
Definition
Azathioprine
inhibit lymphocyte proliferation |
|
|
Term
| T/F Levamisol is an immune modulator that might enhance immunity by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and t-cell function (used in RA and also an antihelminthic) |
|
Definition
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