Term
| vitamin/mineral drug list: |
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Definition
- vit. A, B, C, D, E, K
- tretinoin
- calcium
- ascorbic acid
- nicotinamide
- nicotinic acid
- folic acid
- cyanocobalamin |
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Term
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Definition
- melatonin
- ma-huang
- St. John's wort
- ginkgo
- ginseng
- saw palmetto
- dehydroepiandrosterone |
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Term
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Definition
| carbon monoxide, amphetamines, marijuana, LSD, caustic agents (acids & bases), morphine, meperidine, atropine, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, ethanol, methanol, neuroleptics (phenothiazines), kerosene, organophosphates, salicylates, acetaminophen, cocaine, PCP, tricyclic antidepressants, methaqualone, digoxin, phenytoin, theophylline, cyanide, heavy metals (e.g. arsenic, iron, lead, copper, mercury), oxalate |
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Term
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Definition
| : ipecac, charcoal, n-acetylcysteine, BAL (dimercaprol), flumazenil, glucagons, hyperbaric oxygen, vitamin K, nitrites, digoxin-specific Fab fragments, ethanol, fomepizole, protamine, deferoxamine, pyridoxine, naloxone, methylene blue, atropine, pralidoxime, hemodialysis, hemoperfusion, alkaline diuresis |
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Term
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Definition
- Vit. C (ascorbic acid)
- Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (derivatives of vitamin B3)
- folic acid
- cyanocobalamin (vit. B12) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is necessary in body to form what? |
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Definition
| - collagen in bones, cartilage, muscle, and blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide are ___ __ __. |
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Definition
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Term
| Deficiency of vitamin B3 (nicotinic acid/nicotinamide): |
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Definition
| - Pellegra: skin disease, diarrhea, dementia, depression |
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Term
| Overdose of vitamin B3 (nicotinic acid/nicotinamide): |
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Definition
- liver toxicity
- increased liver enzyme levels in blood
- jaundice
- ascites
- liver failure |
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Term
| Folic acid (form of vitamin B)deficiency: |
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Definition
- risk of fetus developing neural tube defects (spina bifida)
- Megaloblastic and Macrocytic anemias |
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Term
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Definition
| - very high doses> CNS side effects |
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Term
| Cyanocobalamin is vitamin ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cyanocobalamin (vit B12) deficiency helps maintain healthy __ __, __ __ __, and is also needed to make ___. |
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Definition
- nerve cells
- red blood cells
- DNA |
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Term
| Deficiency of cyanocobalamin (vit B12): |
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin A is required for many biological procedures like __ and __ __. |
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Definition
| vision and cellular growth |
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Term
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Definition
- xeropthalmia (dry eye)
- night blindness
- total blindness
- skin disorders |
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Term
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Definition
- acne
- certain leukemias
- measles
- malaria
- retiniis pigmentosa |
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Term
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Definition
- hypervitaminosis A
- infants with acute toxicity have bulging fontanels
- adults get brain tumor like symptoms
- severe toxicity: eye damage, high calcium levels, liver damage |
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Term
| Vitamin D aids in absorption of ___, helping to from and maintain strong bones. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- rickets in children
- osteomalacia in adults |
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Term
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Definition
Vitamin D is used for TREATMENT OF:
- hypophosphatemia
- hypocalcemia
- hyperparathyroidism
- psoriasis
- osteomalacia
- renal osteodystrophy |
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Term
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Definition
- hypercalcemia
- excess bone loss |
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Term
| Vitamin E acts as an ___, acts through ___, and has an __ __. |
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Definition
- antioxidant
- immunomodulation
- antiplatelet effect |
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Term
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Definition
| - profoundly effects CNS> ataxia and peripheral neuropathy |
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Term
| Vitamin E uses are controversial |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| increase risk of bleeding problems |
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Term
| Vitamin K is necessary for __ __. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- defective blood clotting
- increased bleeding |
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Term
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Definition
Vitamin K used for treatment of:
- hemorrhagic disease of newborn
- warfarin reversal |
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Term
| NCCAM: branch of FDA, look at literature out there and determine if they are good studies and if the herbals are good to use or not. |
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Definition
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Term
| Black cohosh claimed uses: |
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Definition
- hot flashes
- night sweats
- vaginal dryness
- other menopause symptoms
STUDIES ARE MIXED AND LESS THAN 6 MONTHS LONG |
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Term
| Black cohosh side effects: |
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Definition
- HA
- gastric complaints
- weight problems
- no reports of interactions with prescriptions |
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Term
| Contraindication for black cohosh: |
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Definition
| - patient at risk for breast cancer should not take black cohosh |
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Term
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Definition
- Monks in Middle Ages used it to decrease sexual desire
- PMS
- menopausal symptoms
- infertility
- acne
DATA SHOWS SOME BENEFIT FOR USE IN PMS, BREAST PAIN, AND INFERTILITY IN POORLY DESIGNED STUDIES. MORE DATA NEEDED. |
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Term
| OBGYNS use ___ to treat infertility and PMS symptoms. But be careful b/c it interacts with __ __ and other hormones. |
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Definition
- chasteberry
- birth control pills |
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Term
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Definition
- common colds
- flu
- URIs
NO STUDY HAS SHOWN ANY EVIDENCE OF IT WORKING THOUGH MORE RESEARCH IS UNDERWAY REGARDING EFFECTIVENESS IN URI. |
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Term
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Definition
- asthma
- anaphylaxis
- rashes |
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Term
| ___ is related to plants in the daisy family including ragweed. So people with allergies should be careful. |
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Definition
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Term
| Ephedra aka __ __ or ___ ___. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- weight loss
- colds
- fever
- flu
- headaches
- asthma
- wheezing
- nasal congestion |
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Term
| Ephedra increases risk of __, __, and ___ problems, as well as __ __ __ and __. |
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Definition
- heart, psychiatric, and gastrointestinal problems
- high blood pressure and stroke |
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Term
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Definition
nausea, anxiety, headache, psychosis, kidney stones, tremors, dry mouth, irregular heart rhythms, heart damage, high blood pressure, restlessness, sleep problems, irritation of the stomach, and increased urination
NO LONGER FDA APPROVED AS OF 2004 |
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Term
| With fiber/flax seed the benefits outweigh the risks. |
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Definition
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Term
| Flax seed. Take 1 tablespoon per day. This is the largest source __, largest source of ___ __, and largest source of __ __. |
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Definition
- fiber
- omega 3s
- plant estrogen |
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Term
| Data on flax and fiber show that it is an effective __. There is mixed data on it lowering ___ and preventing __ __. No side effects. |
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Definition
- effective laxative
- lowering cholesterol and preventing heart disease |
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Term
| 1 tablespoon flax seed= 9 grams fiber |
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Definition
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Term
| Flax has omega 3 in form of ___ while fish oil has omega 3 in form of ___. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- tmt of high cholesterol
- tmt of hypertension
- heart disease
- stomach cancer
DATA SHOWS THAT IT DOES NOT WORK |
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Term
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Definition
| breath and body odor, heartburn, upset stomach, and allergic reactions, acts like a blood thinner similar to ASA, interferes with some anti-HIV meds |
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Term
| Garlic acts like a ___ __ like ASA, so it needs to be stopped before surgery. It also interferes with __ meds. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- stomach aches
- nausea
- diarrhea
safely relieve pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting; studies are mixed on effect on chemo-induced nausea |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- improve memory
- prevent Alzheimer's disease and other dementia
- may also reduce symptoms of claudication
studies are promising but more needed |
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Term
| Ginko Biloba side effects: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- boost immune system
- improves mental and physical performance
- tmt of erectile dysfunction
- menopause symptoms
- lower blood glucose
Data shows it may be effective at lowering blood glucose, but no data for other claims. |
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Term
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Definition
- headaches
- sleep problems
- GI problems
- caution in patients with Diabetes |
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Term
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Definition
- osteoarthritis tmt
good evidence to support the use of glucosamine sulfate in the treatment of mild-to-moderate knee osteoarthritis |
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Term
| Glucosamine side effects: |
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Definition
- upset stomach
- drowsiness
- insomnia
- headache
- skin reactions
- sun sensitivity
- nail toughening
- may increase bleeding risk |
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Term
| Kava (aka kava pepper) uses: |
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Definition
- anxiety
- insomnia
- menopausal symptoms
Some evidence shows may be effecive against anxiety, but FDA warns it can cause liver toxicity |
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Term
| What herb is supposed to help with anxiety but may cause liver toxicity? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- liver damage/hepatitis/liver failure
- dystonia
- may interact with Parkinson's drugs |
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Term
| what herb used to treat anxiety may interact with Parkinson's drugs: |
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Definition
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Term
| Noni is aka ___, __ __, __ __, and __ __. |
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Definition
- Morinda
- Indian mulberry
- Hog apple
- Canary wood |
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Term
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Definition
- joint pain
- skin conditions
- cardiovascular disease
- diabetes
Data has shown antioxidant, immune-stimulating, and tumor-fighting properties, but not well studied; |
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Term
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Definition
- high potassium (so not good for patients with liver disease)
- liver disease |
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Term
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Definition
| kidney disease b/c causes high potassium |
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Term
| ALA omega 3s are in __, __,__, and __ __. |
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Definition
flax
soy
walnuts
vegetable oils |
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Term
| EPA and DHA omega 3s are in __ and __. |
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Definition
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Term
| In pregnancy you need ____ by third trimester to help brain development. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- lower TGs
- reduce risk of death
- reduce risk of heart attack
- used to treat abnormal heart rhythms
- reduce risk of stroke
- lowers blood pressure slightly |
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Term
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Definition
- fishy taste
- increased bleeding at high doses
- potentially harmful contaminants such as dioxins, methylmercury, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are found in some species of fish |
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Term
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Definition
- PMS
- menopausal symptoms
- eczema
data not very supportive |
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Term
| side effects of primrose oil: |
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Definition
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Term
| Red rice yeast is aka ___. One of these __ __ is a potent inhibitor of ___ ___ __ and is aka __ or ___. |
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Definition
- Monacolins
- Monacolin K
- HMG-CoA reductase
- Mevinolin
- Lovastatin |
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Term
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Definition
- cholesterol lowering agent
supportive evidence for TG lowering and LDL lowering properties; no strong evidence exists for cardiovascular benefits or diabetes |
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Term
| Side effects of Red Rice Yeast: |
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Definition
similar to those for the prescription drug lovastatin (Mevacor®) heartburn, gas, bloating, muscle pain or damage, dizziness, asthma, and kidney problems are possible; people with liver disease should not use red yeast products; may increase the risk of bleeding.
Warning |
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Term
| Red rice yeast is a precursor to the __ drugs. |
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Definition
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Term
| Saw Palmetto aka __ __ __ __ aka __ __. |
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Definition
- American dwarf palm tree
- Cabbage palm |
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Term
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Definition
- urinary symptoms associated with enlarged prostate
- chronic pelvic pain
- bladder disorders
- decreased sex drive
- hair loss
- hormone imbalances
not enough scientific evidence to support the use of saw palmetto for reducing the size of an enlarged prostate or for any other conditions |
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Term
| Saw palmetto side effects: |
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Definition
- stomach discomfort
- tender breasts
- decreased libido |
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Term
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Definition
- depression
- anxiety
- sleep disorders
some effect shown compared to placebo in mild depressive disorder but more well-developed studies are needed and there are safety concerns |
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Term
| St Johns Wort interacts with __ __ __. |
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Definition
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Term
| St. John's wort side effects: |
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Definition
- increased sensitivity to sunlight
- anxiety
- dry mouth
- dizziness
- GI symptoms
- fatigue
- headache
- sexual dysfunction
- tons of drug interactions including birth control |
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