Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| longer and more specific effect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| long preganglionic neuron, short postganglionic neuron |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1:1 correspondence bt pre and post ganglionic neurons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| one preganglionic neuron can synapse on 30-40 post gangloionic neurons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| short pre-gang fiber and long post-ganglionic fiber |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| generalized and widespread response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NT at ganglia ofParasympathetic NS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NT at effector of parasympathetic NS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NT at ganglia of sympathetic NS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NT at effector of sympathetic NS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rate limiting step of synthesis of NE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| U1 affinity and capacity? |
|
Definition
| high affinity, low capacity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| low affinity, high capacity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| concentrates NE into vesicles in the axon terminal |
|
|
Term
| general action of alpha-2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contraction of vascular smooth muscle>receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contraction of pupilary dilator muscle > receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contracts pilomotor smooth muscle > receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contracts prostate > receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increases force of contraction of heart > receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| aggregation of platelets > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inhibits NT release > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inhibits lipolysis in fat cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bronchodilation > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| relaxes uterine muscles > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vascular smooth muscle relaxation (blood vessels)> receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| potassium uptake in skeletal muscle > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| glycogenolysis in liver > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| activates lipolysis in fat cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dilates renal blood vessels > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| modulates NT release> receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| decreases intraocular pressure > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increases intraocular pressure > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inhibits bronchial glands > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| decreases GI motility > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| indirectly decreases muscle activity > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contract GI tract sphincters > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contraction of genitourinary tract > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| relax genitourinary tract > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increased pancreatic insulin release> receptor? |
|
Definition
beta-2 glucose more important |
|
|
Term
| decrease pancreatic insulin release > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increases renin release > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| decreases renin release > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cardiac stimulant and vasoconstrictor |
|
|
Term
| therapeutic uses of epinephrine: |
|
Definition
| treats allergic reactions, prolongs anesthetics, cardiac arrest, and controls bleeding (vasoconstriction) |
|
|
Term
| epinephrine acts on which receptors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| can epinephrine cross BBB |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| affinity of norepinephrine |
|
Definition
| does not act on B2 receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vasoconstriction (peripheral resistance) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does dopamine cause? |
|
Definition
| renal vasodilation (lowered peripheral resistance) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta agonist increases heart rate, but dilates skeletal muscle vasculature (systolic inc, diastolic dec) bronchodilation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-1 selective doesn't cross BBB-no CNS effects constricts vascular muscle (smooth) nasal decongestant and dilates pupil by constricting radial muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta -2 agonist bronchodilator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta-2 agonist uterine relaxation (stops premature labor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
activates a-1 and b-2 constricts vessels and increases heart rate: good for cardiac crisis short-acting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-2 agonist centrally acting antihypertensive can be peripheral vasoconstrictor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-2 agonist centrally acting antihypertensive can be peripheral vasoconstrictor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-2 agonist centrally acting antihypertensive can be peripheral vasoconstrictor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-2 agonist centrally acting antihypertensive can be peripheral vasoconstrictor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-2 agonist nasal decongestant and eyedrops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-2 agonist nasal decongestant and eyedrops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mixed agonist (sympathomimetic)
powerful stimulant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mixed adrenergic
powerful stimulant |
|
|
Term
| which amphetamines have CNS side effects? |
|
Definition
| methamphetamine and dextroamphetamine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mixed agonist treatment for ADHD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treatment for narcolepsy mixed adrenergic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mixed agonist (sympathomimetic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mixed agonist vasoconstriction-nasal decongestant |
|
|
Term
| what do you give to treat superficial bleeding? |
|
Definition
| alpha-agonists (direct acting) |
|
|
Term
| side effect of nasal decongestants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which drug is used for allergic rxns and anaphlactic shock? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of drugs are used for appetite suppression? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of drugs are used for narcolepsy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| agonist at which receptor causes pupilary dilation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| agonist at which receptor causes a decrease in production of aqueous humor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| alpha-1 agonist for glaucoma: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 alpha-2 agonists for hypertension |
|
Definition
| methyldopa, clonidine, guanabenz, guanfacine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
irreversible, long acting alpha-antagonist (lowers blood pressure) used for pheochromocytoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
competitive alpha-antagonist (shorter acting) prevents tissue necrosis by vasodilation treats pheochromocytoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-1 antagonist vasodilators-antihypertensive BPH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-1 antagonist vasodilators-antihypertensive BPH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-1 antagonist vasodilators-antihypertensive BPH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-1A antagonist used for BPH (relaxes prostate muscle) |
|
|
Term
| therapeutic uses for alpha-antagonists |
|
Definition
pheochromacytoma hypertension BPH erectile dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| do beta antagonists cross BBB |
|
Definition
| yes-lipophilic >> CNS side effects |
|
|
Term
| beta antagonist effect on renin |
|
Definition
| decrease release of renin |
|
|
Term
| beta antagonists effect on lipoproteins |
|
Definition
| increase VLDL and decrease HDL |
|
|
Term
| treatment for stage fright |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta blocker decreases cardiac output CNS depressant bronchoconstriction in asthmatic pts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decreases cardiac output (beta blocker) treatment for glaucoma (decrease aqueous humor production) |
|
|
Term
| beta blocker that decreases aqueous humor production and treats glaucoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta-1antagonist angina, hypertension, MI, migraine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta-1 antagonist angina, hypertension, MI, migraine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mixed (beta block and alpha-1 block) antag keeps blood pressure low |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mixed (beta block and a1 block) antag keeps blood pressure low antioxidant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
neuron blocker antihypertensive and anti-arrhythmic by inhibiting release of NE at postgang neuron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
neuron blocker inhibits uptake pump: destroys vesicle and depletes NT CNS effects: used in psychiatry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prevents destruction of catecholamines use in psychiatry
tranylcypromine |
|
|
Term
| side effect of MAO inhibitor |
|
Definition
| tyramine problem: builds up, causes massive stimulation of sympathetic NS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibits NET side effects: convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, arrhythmias, MI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
powerful CNS stimulant more CNS effects tolerance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MAO inhibitor treats depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| choline acetyltransferase >>> catalyzes synthesis of Ach |
|
|
Term
| describe a nicotinic receptor |
|
Definition
| ion channel gated by binding of Ach. Lets N+ go through when 2 Ach bound >>> depolarization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blocks nicotinic receptors on muscle (skeletal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blocks nicotinic receptor on neurons |
|
|
Term
| activation of M1, M3, and M5 causes what? |
|
Definition
| release of Ca++ >>> smooth muscle contraction and secretions |
|
|
Term
| activation of M2 and M4 causes what? |
|
Definition
| activates K+ channels in heart |
|
|
Term
| what kind of receptors are on skeletal muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of receptors are on the adrenal medulla? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of receptors are on sweat glands? |
|
Definition
| muscarinic (M3) but sympathetic NS |
|
|
Term
| contraction of the pupilary sphincter muscle causes: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| parasympathetic innervation of ciliary sphincter muscle results in: |
|
Definition
| contraction >>> accomodation to see close up |
|
|
Term
| what kind of muscarinic receptors are on the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stimulation of M2 receptors on heart results in: |
|
Definition
| slowed depolarization, decreased force of contraction |
|
|
Term
| innervation of M3 receptors on smooth muscle: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| result of innervation of M3 receptors on endothelium |
|
Definition
| NO release and vasodilation |
|
|
Term
| effect of Muscarinic agonist on CV system |
|
Definition
| vasodilation (NO), decreased heart rate (reflex increased heart rate), |
|
|
Term
| effect of muscarinic agonist on GI |
|
Definition
| increased activity, secretion, may cause diarrhea and vomiting |
|
|
Term
| effect of muscarinic agonist on respiratory system |
|
Definition
| bronchoconstriction and increased bronchial secretions |
|
|
Term
| effect of muscarinic agonist on skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| effect of muscarinic agonist on urinary system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| effect of nicotinic agonist on skeletal muscle |
|
Definition
| contraction >>> overstimulation can cause relaxation |
|
|
Term
| does Ach and synthetic choline esters cross BBB? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diagnosis (not treatment) of asthma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glaucoma (drains fluid, releases pressure) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| M1/M3 agonist for xerostomia (improve oral health) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
partial nicotinic agonist for smoking cessation reduces withdrawl (bc it competes with nicotine) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
muscarinic agonist for glaucoma, xerostomia,
apply locally to prevent sweating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
competitive AchE inhibitor diagnostic test of myasthenia gravis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
competitive AchE inhibitor treats myasthenia gravis |
|
|
Term
| compare onset and DOA for edrophonium and ambenonium |
|
Definition
edrophonium is rapid onset and short ambenonium has a longer duration of action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
carbamate inhibitor of AchE treats myasthenia gravis, alzheimers, and glaucoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
carbamate inhibitor of AchE treats myasthenia gravis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
carbamate inhibitor of AchE treats myastenia gravis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
carbamate inhibitor of AchE insecticide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CNS differences between carbamyl AchE inhibitors |
|
Definition
physostigmine is a tert amine and crosses BBB neostigmine and pyridostigmine don't cross BBB |
|
|
Term
| which receptors does cevimeline act on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
irreversible AchE inhibitor insecticide can treat glaucoma |
|
|
Term
| does echothiophate enter BBB? |
|
Definition
| yes-easily absorbed thru skin and BBB |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
physostigmine donepazil galantamine rivastigmine |
|
|
Term
| AchE inhibitor effects on eye |
|
Definition
| miosis (constriction of pupil) and forced accomodation to near vision |
|
|
Term
| AchE inhibitor effect on GI |
|
Definition
| increased motility, tone, and secretions |
|
|
Term
| effect of AchE inhibitor on skeletal muscle |
|
Definition
| loss of contractions/paralysis due to desensitization of nicotinic receptors |
|
|
Term
| AchE inhibitor effects on CV system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| effect of AchE inhibitor on respiratory system |
|
Definition
| bronchoconstriction, increased secretions, paralysis of diaphgram due to overstimulation of nicotinic receptors |
|
|
Term
| AchE inhibitor effect on CNS |
|
Definition
| tremor, anxiety, confusion, convulsions, coma |
|
|
Term
| how to combat effects of NM blockers? |
|
Definition
| give AchE inhibitor>>>Ach will compete and overcome |
|
|
Term
| how do u treat atropine poisoning? |
|
Definition
| give AchE inhibitor > Ach will compete with atropine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
competitive muscarinic antagonist -has long DOA |
|
|
Term
| out of atropine and scopalomine, which crosses BBB? |
|
Definition
| scopalomine>more CNS effects |
|
|
Term
| effect on CNS of low dose scopalomine |
|
Definition
| CNS depression (amnesia, drowsiness) |
|
|
Term
| effect of atropine on eye |
|
Definition
| pupilary dilation, pressure buildup |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| effect of atropine (antimuscarinic) on respiratory system: |
|
Definition
| bronchodilation, inhibits secretions |
|
|
Term
| effect of antimuscarinic on skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the bella donna alkaloids? |
|
Definition
| atropine and scopalomine >>> antimuscarinics |
|
|
Term
| 2 antimuscarinics for asthma |
|
Definition
| ipratropium and tiotropium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antimuscarinic > decreases GI and pulmonary secretions |
|
|
Term
| 3 antimuscarinics used to dilate pupils |
|
Definition
| homatropine, cyclopentolate, tropicamide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| solifenacin and darifenacin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antimuscarinic CNS effects > helps prevent motion sickness |
|
|
Term
| what do you use to treat AchE inhibitor poisoning? |
|
Definition
| atropine (antimuscarinic) |
|
|
Term
| 3 drugs to treat incontinence |
|
Definition
| solifenacin, darifenacin, tolterodine |
|
|
Term
| predominant tone in arterioles and veins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| predominant tone in sweat glands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do NM blockers cross BBB? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5 non-depolarizing antagonists > NM blockers |
|
Definition
| a-tubocurare, pancuronium, rocuronium, vecuronium, atracurium |
|
|
Term
| 2 neuromuscular blockers that trigger release of histamine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| non-depolarizing NM blocker with fastest rate of onset |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
depolarizing NM blocker mechanism is desensitizaion of nicotinic receptors |
|
|
Term
| what is used- intubation? |
|
Definition
| succinylcholine-fast, short doa |
|
|
Term
| what is used for sustained muscular relaxation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| adverse effect of succinylcholine |
|
Definition
| electrolyte imbalance in traumatized tissue due to excessive release of K |
|
|
Term
| structure of Ca++ channel blocker |
|
Definition
| integral membrane glycoprotein; has pore and gate |
|
|
Term
| state of calcium channel at resting potential |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| state of calcium channel at depolarization |
|
Definition
| flickers between resting and open (prolonged depolarization causes inactivated closed) |
|
|
Term
| 3 classes of calcium channel blockers |
|
Definition
| dihydropyridines, phenylalklamines, benzothiazepines |
|
|
Term
| which calcium channel blockers bind to the open conformation of the calcium channel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which calcium channel blockers treat arrhythmia's and prevent heart rate from increasing from exercise (use-dependent) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which CCB binds to and stabilizes the inactivated closed state? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 major effects of slow CCBs |
|
Definition
vasodilation negative chronotropy and inotropy |
|
|
Term
| what is unique to dihydropyridines compared to other CCBs? |
|
Definition
| they are strong vasodilators, but increase heart contractility (indirectly by reflex sympathetic stimulation) |
|
|
Term
| where are the calcium channels that verapmail and diltiazem block? |
|
Definition
| smooth muscle in arterioles (vasodilation) and S-A and A-V nodes (negative chronotropy and inotropy) |
|
|
Term
| is postural hypotension a problem in CCBs? |
|
Definition
| no-only block channels in arteriole smooth muscle to vasodilate |
|
|
Term
| if nifedipine is used for angina, what else is needed? |
|
Definition
| beta blocker to calm heart |
|
|
Term
| treatment for exertional angina |
|
Definition
| verapamil, diltiazem, or nifedipine+BB |
|
|
Term
| treatment for variant/Prinzmetal's angina |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| last resort to use a calcium channel blocker |
|
|
Term
| most useful CCB for treating hypertension alone: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which CCB has selectivity for cerebral vasculature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which CCB is good for diabetic pts? |
|
Definition
| lercanidipine (dilates renal arterioles, prevents nephropathy) |
|
|
Term
| which drugs are used for treating SVT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is raynaud's phenomenon and how is it treated? |
|
Definition
vasospasms in fingers when cold treated with dihydropyridines (nifedipine) |
|
|
Term
| which CCB produces constipation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transcription factor that induces synthesis of inflammation proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do steroids inhibit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when there is low ca++ present during inflammation, what is produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where there is lots of Ca++ present, what is produced? |
|
Definition
| leukotrienes by lipoxygenase |
|
|
Term
| what does prostacyclin do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does thromboxane do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is prostaglandin produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
defense mechanism during inflammation causes oxidative stress |
|
|
Term
| what produces hypochlorous acid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what produces peroxynitrite? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits further production of inflammatory proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| intermediate acting steroids: |
|
Definition
| triamcinolone, prednisone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dexamethasone, betamethasone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
adrenal insufficiency replacement anaphylactic rxns allergies/skin irritations |
|
|
Term
| adverse effects of chronic hydrocortisone |
|
Definition
| diabetes, more susceptible to infection, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
long acting potent inflammatory and allergies shock, cerebral edema n/v with chemotherapy RA asthma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammatory and allergic disorders immunosuppressant can cause severe infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
suppression of inflammatory and allergic disorders can cause severe infections and diabetes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
can be used with methotrexate TNF-alpha blocker |
|
|
Term
| methotrexate as treatment for inflammatory disease: |
|
Definition
| inhibits folic acid reductase, blocks DNA precursors of TNF-alpha |
|
|
Term
| chronis use of TNF-alpha blockers can cause: |
|
Definition
| lymphoma, infection, heart failure |
|
|
Term
| how is phospholipase 2 activated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do prostaglandins cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does leukotrienes cause: |
|
Definition
| chemotaxis, lysosomal damage |
|
|
Term
| side effect of NSAIDS (related to prostaglandins) |
|
Definition
| vasoconstriction> papillary necrosis (renal) |
|
|
Term
| how do NSAIDS treat mild to moderate pain |
|
Definition
| block formation of prostaglandin, reset nociceptive threshold |
|
|
Term
| NSAID's effect on the GI tract |
|
Definition
| inhibits mucous > gastric irritation and ulceration |
|
|
Term
| NSAIDS effect on body temperature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lowers acid secretion and increases mucus secretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inc renal flow, inc excretion of salt and water |
|
|
Term
| PG effect on ductus arteriosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allergic constriction of airways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decreases water and salt loss, vasoconstriction>renal failure |
|
|
Term
| NSAID effect on ductus arterioris |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| further bronchoconstriction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depression>dizziness, drowsiness, confusion |
|
|
Term
| PG effect on colon cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NSAID effect on colon cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is TXA2 activated by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is PGI2 activated by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| influence of aspirin on clotting: |
|
Definition
| irreversibly inhibits COX1 > COXI can't convert Arachidonic acid into TXA2w > and prevents clotting |
|
|
Term
| what kind of COX inhibitor is ibuprofen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| therapetuic advanatge to using COX2 inhibitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reversible COX inhibitor NSAID |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NSAID for ulcerative colitis and RA (produrg) |
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Term
| salicylate-induced respiratory toxicity |
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Definition
respiratory stimulation (from NSAIDS) followed by depression hyperventilation > respiratory alkalosis CNS depression>respiratory acidosis |
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Term
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Definition
| non-selective COX inhibitor NSAID |
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Term
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Definition
nonselective COX inhibitor NSAID big risk of GI disturbances |
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Term
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Definition
nonselective COX inhibitor NSAID serious toxicities can be used for pericarditis, closure of patent ductus, gout |
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Term
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Definition
nonselective COX inhibitor NSAID prodrug >>> less side effects |
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Term
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Definition
nonselective COX inhibitor NSAID systemic use post surgery don't take longer than 5 days (toxicity) renal deficient pts can't take this |
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Term
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Definition
| nonselective COX inhibitor NSAID |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| antidoite to tylenol toxicity |
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Definition
| acetylcysteine: scavenges reactive intermediate |
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