Term
| The treatment of infectious diseases with specific chemical agents. |
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Definition
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Term
| Substances produced by microorganisms which suppress the growth of other microorganisms. This term is also commonly used to describe synthetic compounds which are not produced by bacteria which have antibacterial activity. |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of an ideal chemotherapeutic agent. |
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Definition
1. Selective Toxicity
2. Bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic.
3. Lack of resistance to the drug.
4. Wide spectrum of activity.
-Narrow Spectrum= gram+ or gram-
-Extended Spectrum= gram+ and some gram-
-Broad Spectrum= wide variety of both gram+ and gram-
5. Should not be allergenic or cause serious adverse and toxic side effects
6. Should be able to penetrate the sites of infection
7. Cost Effective |
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Term
| What are specifications of Staph aureus? |
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Definition
| Gram Positive Cocci- inhabit skin and can infect wounds, surgical sites and indwelling catheters. Cause skin infections, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, acute endocarditis, bacteremia. |
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Term
| What are specs of Staph Epidermis? |
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Definition
Gram Positive Cocci.
Inhabits skin and can infect wounds, surgical sites, and indwelling catheters.
Causes bacteremia, sub-acute endocarditis. |
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Term
| What are specs of Staph saprophyticus? |
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Definition
Gram+ Cocci.
Urinary Tract Infections. |
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Term
| What are specs of Strept pneumoniae? |
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Definition
Gram+ cocci.
community aquired pneumonia.
adult bacterial meningitis.
otitis media in children, sinusitis. |
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Term
| What are specs of Strept pyogenes? (Group A Strept) |
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Definition
Gram+ Cocci.
pharyngitis, otitis media, sinusitis
skin infections, necrotizing fascitis
pneumonia
bacteremia
scarlet fever, post streptococcal acute glomerular nephritis, post streptococcal acute rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease. |
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Term
| What are specs of Strept agalactiae (GBS)? |
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Definition
Gram+ Cocci
Neonatal Meningitis
Neonatal pneumonia |
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Term
| What are specs of Streptococcus Viridins Group? |
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Definition
Gram+ Cocci
sub-acute endocarditis
bacteremia
dental caries |
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Term
| What are specs of enterococcus? |
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Definition
Gram+ Cocci.
Sub acute endocarditis
uti's
bacteremia |
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Term
| What are specs of Cornebacterium diptheriae? |
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Definition
Gram Positive Bacilli.
pharyngitis
pneumonia |
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Term
| What are specs of Listeria monocytogenes? |
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Definition
Gram+ bacilli.
neonatal meningitis/meningitis in immunosuppressed patients.
bacteremia.
abortion. |
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Term
| What are specs of bacillus anthracis? |
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Definition
Gram+ Bacilli.
Cutaneous anthrax
pulmonary anthrax |
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Term
| What are specs of Helicobacter pylori? |
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Definition
Gram- Rod. Intestinal tract related.
Gastritis
Ulcer |
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Term
| What are specs of Vibrio Cholera? |
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Definition
Gram- rod. Intestinal tract related.
cholera
diarrhea |
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Term
| What are specs of Escherichia coli? |
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Definition
Gram- rod. Intestional tract related
diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, inflammatory dissentary |
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Term
| What are specs of Shigella? |
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Definition
Gram- Rod. Intestinal Tract related.
Acute gastroenteritis. |
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Term
| What are some specs of Salmonella? |
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Definition
Gram- rod. Intestinal tract related.
enteric/typhoid fever, bacteremia, osteomylitis, acute gastroenteritis. |
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Term
| What are some specs of Campylobacter jejuni? |
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Definition
Gram- rod. Intestinal tract related.
Enterocolitis diarrhea |
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Term
| What are some specs of Bordatella pertussis? |
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Definition
Gram- Rod. Respiratory related.
Whooping cough. |
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Term
| What are some specs of Haemophilus influenzae? |
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Definition
Gram-rod. Respiratory related.
pneumonia, meningitis, sinusitis, otitis media. |
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Term
| What are some specs of klebsiella pneumoniae? |
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Definition
Gram- rod. Respiratory related.
Pneumonia, uti, bacteremia. |
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Term
| What are some specs of Legionella pneumophila? |
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Definition
Gram- rod. Respiratory related.
Atypical pneumonia. |
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Term
| What are some specs of pseudomonas aeruginoasa? |
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Definition
| Gram- rod. Infections can occur at any site. Especially in immunocompromised people. |
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Term
| What are some specs of Proteus mirabilis? |
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Definition
Gram- rod. Urinary tract related.
UTI's. |
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Term
| What are some specs of Enterobacter cloacae? |
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Definition
Gram- rod. Urinary Tract related.
UTI, opportunistic pneumonia. |
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Term
| What are some specs of Serrati marcescens? |
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Definition
Gram- rod. Urinary tract related.
UTI, opportunistic pneumonia. |
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Term
| What are some specs of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli? |
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Definition
Gram- rod. Urinary tract related.
UTI, bacteremia, neonatal meningitis. |
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Term
| What are some specs of Neisseria gonorrhea and Neisseria meningitidis? |
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Definition
Gram- cocci.
Ng: Sexually transmitted gonorrhea.
Nm: meningitis |
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Term
| What are some specs of Moraxella catarrhalis? |
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Definition
Gram- cocci.
Otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia. |
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Term
| What are some specs of Bacteroides fragilis? |
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Definition
| Gram negative rod- Anaerobe- intra-abdominal abscesses, peritonitis, female genital tract infections, bacteremia |
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Term
| What are some specs of Clostridium difficile? |
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Definition
| Gram+ rod- Anaerobe- Pseudomonas colitis |
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Term
| What are some specs of Clostridium botulinum? |
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Definition
| Anaerobes- produce toxins responsible for botulism and tenanus. |
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Term
| What are some specs of Clostridium tetani? |
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Definition
| Anaerobe- Produce toxins responsible for botulism and tetanus. |
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Term
| What are some specs of Actinomyces israelii? |
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Definition
| gram+ rod- anaerobe- oral, lung, pelvic actinomycoses |
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Term
| What disease is caused by Chlamydia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disease is caused by Rickettsia? |
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Definition
| Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
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Term
| What disease is caused by Mycoplasma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What diseases are caused by Mycobacterium? |
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Definition
| mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium intracellulare. |
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Term
| What disease is caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What disease is caused by Borrelia Burgdorferi? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which antibacterials inhibit synthesis of bacterial cell walls? |
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Definition
| Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Vancomycin, Bacitracin |
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Term
| Which antibacterial agent alters cell membrane permeability? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which antibacterial agents inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by effecting function of the 30S ribosomal subunit? |
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Definition
| Aminoglycosides and Tetracyclines |
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Term
| Which antibacterial agents work by inhibiting the synthesis of the 50s ribosomal subunit? |
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Definition
| chloramphenicol, macrolides, quinupristin/dalfopristin, linezolid |
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Term
| Which Antibacterial agents work by inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis (specifically- inhibit DNA gyrase)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which antibacterials work by acting as metabolic analogs that block metabolic steps? |
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Definition
| Trimethoprim and Sulfonamides |
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