Term
| How does Cimetidine inhibit the metabolism of other drugs? |
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Definition
| Cimetidine interferes with the cytochrome P-450 system |
|
|
Term
| Name three drugs that stimulate the hepatic metabolism of other drugs. |
|
Definition
1. Phenobarbital
2. Oral contraceptives
3. Low doses of alcohol |
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Term
| What is the most common method of administering ocular drugs? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are five types of topcial administration? |
|
Definition
1. Drops
2. Sterile Opthalmic solution
3. Suspensions ((steroids)
4. Gels, e.g. artificial tears given at night
5. Ointment (UNG)-Bacitracin is a popular antibiotic ointment for blepharitis |
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Term
| What are three types of intraocular injections? |
|
Definition
1. Subconjunctival injections
2. Subtenon injections
3. Intravitreal injections |
|
|
Term
| How many drops are in a ml? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the normal tear layer volume? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the maximum volume the eye can hold? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal drop size? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Can drugs pass through the cornea by simple diffusion? |
|
Definition
| No the cornea functions as a trilaminar permeability barrier. |
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Term
| How does a drug get through the cornea? |
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Definition
| The drug must have hydropbobic properties to get through the epithelium and endothelium, but the drug must also have hydrophilic properties to get through the hydrophilic stroma. |
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Term
| Give one example of a drug administered as a gel. |
|
Definition
| Timoptic/timolol-a beta blocker for glaucoma |
|
|
Term
| What are three disadvantages of ointments? |
|
Definition
1. blurred vision
2. must instill drops before instilling the ointment
3. Imprecise instillation |
|
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Term
| Give an example of a drug used as an emulsion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two advantages to drugs being administered as emulsions. |
|
Definition
1. decreased toxicity
2. increase in therapeutic window time |
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Term
| When would you give an intravenous injection for an eye disease? |
|
Definition
1. If the infection gets into the orbit or into the sinuses.
e.g. orbital cellulitis or preseptal cellulitis |
|
|
Term
| What are three advantages of solutions and suspensions? |
|
Definition
1. Ease of instillation
2. Alterations in visual acuity less noticeable
3. Fewer complications |
|
|
Term
| What are four disadvantages of using solutions and suspensions? |
|
Definition
1. Suspensions must be resuspended each time they are used.
2. Imprecise dosing
3. May be minimized by refrigeration.
4. Trauma from applicator tip
5. Contamination of tip (from eyelashes and conjunctiva touching the tip) |
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Term
| Name three major prostaglandin glaucoma meds. |
|
Definition
| Travatan, xalatan, lumigan |
|
|
Term
| Name an antibiotic without preservative. |
|
Definition
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Term
| Why do depression drugs have a huge volume of distribution? |
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Definition
| They must act on the brain. Therefore they must be lipid soluble. Lipid soluble drugs have a huge volume of distribution. |
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Term
| What is the sole determinant of the rate that a drug approaches steady state? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the loading dose in practice? |
|
Definition
| Double the first and second dose then take a normal dosage. |
|
|
Term
| What is the standard dose frequency for steroids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often do you administer a topical drug for uveitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often do you administer drops for a corneal ulcer? |
|
Definition
| 2 drops in the first five minutes and then 1 drop every ten minutes until steady state is acheived. |
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|
Term
| What is the maximal response a drug can give? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the amount of drug that leads to 50% efficacy? |
|
Definition
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