Term
| What are two other names for anticholinergic bronchodilators? |
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Definition
| Ipratropium and tiotropium |
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Term
| What is the indication for ipratropium and tiotropium? |
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Definition
| Patients receiving regular treatment for COPD, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. |
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Term
| What two drugs make up Combivent? |
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Definition
| Ipratropium and albuterol |
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Term
| What is the indication for Combivent? |
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Definition
| Patients receiving regular treatment for COPD and who require additional bronchodilation for relief of airflow obstruction. |
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Term
| In what type of asthma is ipratropium used? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the nasal spray formulation used for? |
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Definition
| Symptomatic relief of allergic and nonallergic perennial rhinitis and the common cold |
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Term
| What is the profile of clinical effect for ipratropium? In asthma? In COPD? |
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Definition
• The onset of bronchodilation begins within minutes but proceeds more slowly to a peak effect at 1 to 2 hours after inhalation.
• Ashtma: The duration of bronchodilator effect is about the same for ipratropium as for B agonists.
• COPD: the duration is longer by 1 to 2 hours. |
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Term
| What does research show regarding the use of Combivent versus either drug alone? |
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Definition
| The combination therapy has shown to be more effective in COPD than either agent alone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is available as a combination of ipratropium and albuterol base. |
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Term
| How long is the duration of action for Spririva? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does Spiriva reduce exacerbations and hospitilizatons? Quality of life? |
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Definition
| Spiriva reduces COPD exacerbations and hospitalizations and improves the quality of life. |
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Term
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Definition
| The anticholinergic bronchodilators are specifically parasympathic, that is, antimuscarinic agents, blocking the effect of acetylcoline at the cholinergic receptors on bronchial smooth muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| The only approved anticholinergic agents for inhalation as an aerosol at this time are ipratropium, which is available as an MDI, an SVN solution, and an intranasal spray; and tiotropium, available only as a DPI. |
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Term
| What are some examples of tertiary compounds? |
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Definition
| Atropine sulfate, scopolamine, and L-Hyoscyamine sulfate |
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Term
| How do tertiary compounds differ from quaternary compounds? |
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Definition
| The amount of absorption is different |
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Term
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Definition
| Quaternary compounds, such as ipratropium, are fully ionized and less absorbed in body tissues than tertiary compounds, such as atropine sulfate. Consequently, side effects with quaternary compounds are localized to the site of the drug exposure. |
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Term
| Administration of parasympathomimetic agents such as methacholine can lead do? |
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Definition
| Intensified level of bronchial tone to the point of constriction in healthy subjects and more so in asthmatic patients. |
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Term
| What is an important point to realize with use of a blocking agent such as an anticholinergic bronchodilator? |
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Definition
| effect seen will depend on the degree of tone present that can be blocked. |
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Term
| Which class of drugs has a better safety profile? Quartenary antimuscarinic bronchodilators of B agonists? |
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Definition
| Quaternary ammonium antimuscarinic bronchodilators is superior to that of B agonists. |
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Term
| What body part must be protected from drug exposure from drug exposure with aerosol use? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The most common side effects with quaternary ammonium antimuscarinic bronchodilators are dry mouth and perhaps a cough cause by the aerosol particles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Direct spraying in the eye must be avoided to prevent ocular effects. Subjects with COPD can show a greater response in reversibility of airflow obstruction with an anticholinergic agent than a B agonist. |
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Term
| Which class of drug is more potent in bronchitis-emphysema? |
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Definition
| Antimuscarinic agents were found to be more potent bronchodilators than B-adrenergic agents in bronchitis-emphysema. |
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Term
| For COPD patients: what combination improves the forced expiratory volume in 1 second? |
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Definition
| Short term B-2 agonist and an anticholinergic |
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Term
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Definition
| Combined anticholinergic and b-agonist therapy may give additive bronchodilating results in COPD and in severe, acute asthma. |
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Term
| Why is the B2 agonist given first |
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Definition
• B2 agonists have a more rapid onset of action than does an anticholinergic bronchodilator.
• B2 receptors are distributed in large and small airways. |
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Term
| How important is the order of drugs given? |
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Definition
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