Term
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Definition
| is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It is used to treat glaucoma, as it prevents the formation of aqueous humour in the eye. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a hormone that is also given as subcutaneous injection. It is the ‘fight or flight’ hormone, and has multiple effects throughout the body; including increasing heart rate, constricting blood vessels, and widening bronchi. It is injected during the early stages of anaphylaxis to prevent airway closure. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a dopamine agonist, administered to treat Parkinson’s disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a potassium-sparing diuretic. It is often given in conjuction with a loop diuretic to prevent hypokalaemia. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an injectable form of theophylline. It is used to treat asthma. It inhibits phosphodiesterase and blocks adenosine receptors. PDEs terminate cAMP signals by breaking down the molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a potassium channel blocker that prevents heart dysrhythmia. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a tri-cyclic antidepressant. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a calcium channel blocker and thus is used to treat heart failure and cardiac dysrhythmias. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a beta-lactam inhibitor, preventing the formation of cell walls on gram positive bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| are a DMARD and are injected directly into the affected joint. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a folate inhibitor and is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis |
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Term
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Definition
| is a combination of a sulphonamide and salicylic acid. It is a DMARD. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an NSAID, which disrupts the COX pathway, thus preventing formation of inflammatory mediators. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, selective for B1 – receptors. It is used to treat conditions such as heart failure and hypertension. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an anticholinergic, antimuscarinic drug. It is used in the treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhaled corticosteroid, used in the treatment of asthma. Their mechanism of action involves decreased formation of cytokines, decreased activation of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a thiazide-type diuretic. It blocks the sodium-calcium pump found in the luminal membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor. Used to prevent peripheral breakdown of levodopa, thus reducing the side-effects of dopamine administration. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a muscarinic agonist. It is used post-operatively to stimulate micturition. |
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Term
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Definition
| cardio-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Used to treat heart failure, hypertension, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a dopamine agonist. Used to treat Parkinson’s disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an opioid analgesic, it is used to treat severe pain. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a nicotinic receptor agonist, it is used to treat the cravings of smoking withdrawal. |
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Term
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Definition
| is used in the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder. It has an unknown mechanism of action, but a high affinity for serotonin receptors. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an anti-epileptic drug which is similar in structure to the tri-cyclic anti-depressants. It is a sodium channel blocker (same mechanism of action as valproate and phenytoin). |
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Term
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Definition
| prevents the peripheral breakdown of levodopa, thus counteracting the side-effects of levodopa treatment. (related drug: benserazide) |
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Term
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Definition
| is a first-generation antipsychotic medication. It is used to treat schizophrenia. Serotonin antagonist |
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Term
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Definition
| is a histamine antagonist, which is used to treat indigestion, and as part of triple therapy in gastric ulcers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitor (SSRI). Used to treat depression. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an antibiotic which prevents bacterial protein formation by binding to a ribosomal subunit. |
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Term
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Definition
| Benzodiazepines, enhances the activity of GABA, used as an anxiolytic. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an anti-platelet drug. It is used to prevent atherothrombotic events and reduce injury during atherothrombotic events. |
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Term
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Definition
| Serotonin receptor antagonist, with special affinity for D4 rreceptors. Also anticholinergic. Used to treat schizophrenia (second generation antipsychotic). |
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Term
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Definition
| is used to treat gout. It prevents the activation and release of inflammatory mediators from neutrophils. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a steroid hormone and is used to treat a variety of inflammatory diseases. It modulates DNA transcription by binding directly to DNA. It can be administered topically, orally, or intravenously. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an ADH analogue, and is used to treat diabetes insipidus. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a steroid hormone. Used as an anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressant in a variety of diseases. |
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Term
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Definition
| Opioid receptor agonist, strong painkiller |
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Term
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Definition
| used in management of anxiety disorders, enhances actions of GABA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Non-Steroidal anti-inflamatory drug. Used as an analgesic/anti-inflammatory |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits Na+/K+-ATPase, thus promoting calcium influx, ultimately leading to increased heart contractility. Used to treat mild/moderate heart failure, atrial fibrillation. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an opioid receptor agonist, it is used as a moderate analgesic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dopamine receptor blocker, peripheral only. Stimulates GI motility and reduces the side effects of levodopa administration. |
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Term
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Definition
| is used to treat Alzheimer’s dementia. It is an Acetylcholine-esterase inhibitor, thus counteracting the effects of cholinergic deficiency in the cortex and basal ganglia. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a COMT inhibitor, and is prescribed as an adjunct to levodopa therapy. |
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Term
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Definition
| proton pump inhibitor, used in the treatment of indigestion, and as part of ‘Triple therapy’ for stomach ulcers |
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Term
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Definition
| is an antibiotic which prevents bacterial protein formation by binding to a ribosomal subunit. Related to clarithromycin |
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Term
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Definition
| binds Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) and blocks its interaction with cell surface receptors, thus preventing activation of subsequent inflammatory processes. It is used to treat inflammatory arthropathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. |
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Term
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Definition
| suppresses mycobacteria multiplication by interfering with RNA synthesis. Used to treat TB. |
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Term
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Definition
| is used to treat absence seizures. It has little or no effect on other types of epilepsy. It blocks T-type calcium channels, preventing the rhythmic discharge of neurons associated with absence seizures. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a synthetic derivative of morphine, and is used to treat acute pain. |
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Term
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Definition
| selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, used to treat Major Depressive Disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| is used to treat schizophrenia. It blocks post-synaptic dopamine receptors in the CNS, thus inhibiting dopamine-mediated effects. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a benzodiazepine, used to treat insomnia. It enhances the effect of GABA on neurons, leading to hyperpolarisation and thus stabilisation of neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an SSRI, used to treat MDD. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a loop diuretic, used to treat oedema, cardiac failure, renal failure. |
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Term
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Definition
| is used to treat partial seizures |
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Term
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Definition
| is used to treat mild-moderate dementia of Alzheimer’s disease. It is a centrally-acting cholinesterase inhibitor. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a typical antipsychotic agent. It is used to treat schizophrenia and Tourette’s . It Blocks D1 and D2 receptors in the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an anticoagulant used in prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic disorders. It potentiates the action of anti-thrombin III and prevents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an NSAID. It is used for mild-moderate analgesia. Inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 pathway. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a tricyclic antidepressant. It is used to treat depression. Potentiates the action of serotonin and noradrenaline in the CNS. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a monoclonal antibody drug which binds to TNF-alpha and downregulates inflammatory processes. Used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, ulcerative colitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| is used in the treatment of asthma. It is an anti-cholinergic drug, also used to treat COPD and emphysema. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis. Mechanism of action is unknown, but may include inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis resulting in disruption of the bacterial cell wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| is used as an anaesthetic agent. It produces a cataleptic-like state in which the patient is dissociated from the surrounding environment by direct action on the cortex and limbic system. It is a glutamate NDMA receptor antagonist. |
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Term
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Definition
| is used to treat hypertension in pregnancy. It is less specific, blocking both alpha- and beta- adrenergic receptors. |
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Term
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Definition
| is used to treat constipation. It is an osmotic laxative. |
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Term
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Definition
| is used to treat seizures. It inhibits release of glutamate and inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels, which stabilises the neuronal membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a proton pump inhibitor, it is used as part of the triple therapy to treat stomach ulcers. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drug (DMARD). It inhibits pyrimidine synthesis, resulting in anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an anti-epileptic drug, used in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and partial onset seizures. Exact mechanism of action is unknown. |
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Term
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Definition
| is used to treat idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. It replaces the dopamine which is no longer being produced in the brain due to neuronal destruction. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a local anaesthetic. It is also used for nerve blocks and epidural anaesthesia. It blocks the conduction of nerve impulses by decreasing the neuronal membrane’s permeability to sodium ions. |
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Term
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Definition
| is used to treat bipolar disorder. Alters cation transport across cell membrane in nerve and muscle cells and influences re-uptake of serotonin and/or norepinephrine. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an antidiarrhoeal agent. It acts through the opioid receptor to inhibit peristalsis and prolong transit time. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a benzodiazepine. It is used in the treatment of anxiety. It enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA on neuronal excitability. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an Angiotensin II receptor blocker. It is used to treat hypertension, and reduces stroke risk. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a statin, a.k.a. a HMG CoA Reductase inhibitor. It reduces the incidence of hyperlipidaemia and is used to reduce the risk of heart attack/stroke in patients. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an osmotic diuretic, it is used for temporary relief of raised ICP and intra-ocular pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an antispasmodic and is used to treat irritable bowel syndrome and diverticular disease. It has a direct relaxant action on G.I. smooth muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| is used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. It is an NDMA receptor antagonist, which may help prevent excitotoxicity and neuronal cell death. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a biguanide which is used in the treatment of type II diabetes. It depresses hepatic glucose production. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an opioid agonist. It is used as a maintenance & detoxification treatment of opioid addiction. It is also used as an analgesic. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal agent. It interacts with micro-organism DNA, causing loss of helical structure and breakage. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a Reversible MAO inhibitor (RIMA), and is used to treat depression. It potentiates serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine. |
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Term
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Definition
| is used in the treatment of severe asthma. It is a leukotriene antagonist. Leukotrienes are linked with the pathophysiology of asthma. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an opioid antagonist, and is used in the treatment of opioid overdose to prevent respiratory depression. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a potassium channel activator – it increases membrane permeability, which hyperpolarises cells and switches off voltage-dependent calcium channels. This causes relaxation of the vascular muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a calcium channel antagonist, which is used to treat hypertension and angina. It has a relaxant effect on the smooth muscle of the blood vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
| a.k.a Viagra, is a phosphodiesterase -5 inhibitor. This increases the available concentration of cGMP, allowing smooth muscle relaxation and inflow of blood to the corpus cavernosum. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a HMG Co-A reductase inhibitor, used in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia |
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Term
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Definition
| is a potassium-sparing diuretic. It is a competitive antagonist of aldosterone. It is used to treat hyperaldosteronism and hypokalaemia. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an antagonist of alpha-1A adrenoceptors in the prostate, leading to relaxation of the smooth muscle. Used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia. |
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Term
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Definition
| binds to the postsynaptic GABA neuron. This enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA. May be used in the treatment of insomnia and anxiety. |
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Term
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Definition
| is used to treat chronic asthma and other chronic lung disease. Theophylline is a PHosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, which increases tissue concentrations of cAMP and subsequently iduces release of adrenaline. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a thrombolytic agent. It is used to treat DVT, PE, MI. It is a plasmin activator, and plasmin is responsible for the degradation of fibrin, fibrinogen and other procoagulant proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a typical anti-psychotic agent. It blocks dopaminergic receptors in the mesolimbic system of the brain. It also depresses the release of hypothalamic and hypophyseal hormones. |
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Term
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Definition
| is used as a supplementary or replacement therapy in hypothyroidism, and in pituitary TSH suppression. Thyroid hormones bind to thyroid receptor proteins in the cell nucleus and exert metabolic effects through control of DNA transcription & translation. Thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine are involved in normal metabolism, growth and development, it promotes gluconeogenesis, increases utilisation and mobilisation of glycogen stores, and stimulates protein synthesis, and increases basal metabolic rate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used as an adjunct to treat partial seizures. Enhances the action of GABA by preventing re-uptake into the pre-synaptic neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an anti-epileptic drug, used in tonic-clonics. May operate via a combination of potential mechanisms – sodium channel blocking, GABA action enhancement, and AMDA receptor blocking. It is used in similar circumstances to phenytoin. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an opiate analgesic – one of the weaker opiate analgesics, it is used to treat moderate to moderate-severe pain. |
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Term
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Definition
| is used to treat major depressive disorder. It is a Mono-Amine Oxidase inhibitor. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a potassium-sparing diuretic. Used as an adjunct to prevent hypokalaemia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used in the treatment of patients with complex partial seizures, and absence seizures. Valproate works by several mechanisms, the details of which are uncertain. Inhibits sodium channels and enhances GABA action. |
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Term
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Definition
| is an SNRI. It is used in treatment of depression, but can have severe withdrawal effects |
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Term
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Definition
| Calcium channel blocker, thus reducing the influx of calcium into the smooth muscle cell and preventing contraction. Used to treat angina, hypertension, and SVT arrhythmias. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to treat complex partial seizures. Inhibits the GABA-transaminase enzyme, thus preventing the breakdown of GABA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used as prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic disorders. Warfarin reduces the availability of functional Vitamin K by blocking a reductase enzyme. This reduces synthesis of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X. |
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Term
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Definition
| is used for maintenance of anaesthesia and for analgesia. It induces opioid release. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a steroid hormone. It is administered as a contraceptive, as part of the COCP, and is used in HRT. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a benzodiazepine antagonist. It is used to treat benzodiazepine overdose. |
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