Term
| some drugs can have _____ absorption peaks due to recirculation by the ______ (hepatic recirculation) |
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Definition
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Term
| enterohepatic recirculation |
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Definition
| recirculation of drugs to the GI resulting in multiple peaks of absorption. |
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Term
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Definition
| % of drug is processed by the liver and goes into the systemic circulation while the other is excreted in bile back into the gut |
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Term
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Definition
| drug absorbed from the gut and delivered to liver via portal vein while some continues on to the systemic circulation, (first absorption peak) |
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Term
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Definition
| assuming the drug is back in the GI, then the drug can be absorbed back into the liver via the portal circulation and as such, into the systemic circulation (second absorption peak) |
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Term
| what will the graph look like when it undergoes hepatic recirculation? |
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Definition
concentration is on the y axis
time is on the x axis
there will be two peaks...the line will first rise, then peak, then proceed to go back down, as it reaches the second recirculation the line will rise again and finally drop back down till it reaches a concentration of zero. |
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Term
| graphically the first peak (systemic absorption) will have a higher peak than the second peak (hepatic recirculation) |
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Definition
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Term
| properties (characteristics) of absorption include? |
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Definition
ph
food and other medication
disease states affecting GI tract |
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Term
| the properties of drug absorption... |
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Definition
| can alter the drug absorption |
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Term
| oral administration is ____ the preferred route of drug administration |
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Definition
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Term
| other routes of admin include: |
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Definition
iv
inhaled
cutaneous
subcutaneous |
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Term
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Definition
| do you want effect to occur? |
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Term
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Definition
| do you want effect to happen? |
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Term
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Definition
| often to dose for needed effect |
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Term
| non-systemic exposure (local) |
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Definition
limit toxicity
drug directly at site of action |
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Term
inhaled corticosteroids
inhaled amphotericin
topical anti-infectives
topical bimatoprost
are all... |
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Definition
| types of drugs that are used to to take the medication directly to the site of action |
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Term
| novel routes/consistent exposure can |
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Definition
improve adherenece
allow for less frequent dosing |
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Term
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Definition
when the rate of systemic absorption needs to me immediate
iv route used at times when oral route unavailable
when an oral bioavailability will be end up being poor |
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Term
| an example of what has a poor bioavailability |
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Definition
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Term
| insulin is degraded by ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| insulin is administered ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| insulin is a good example of ___ |
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Definition
| "when do you want the effect" |
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Term
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Definition
bolus dose before meals to cover glocose absorbed from food
fast onset, high peak, short duration |
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Term
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Definition
formulated for once or twice daily dosing
designed to cover glucose produced by liver
slow onset, little to no peak, long duration |
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Term
| rate of systemic absorption |
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Definition
tends to be immediate
the extent of systemic absorption is at 100% |
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Term
| an example of when to use the immedate effects of the rate of systemic absorption |
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Definition
| acute pain management, bacteremia: bacteria present in the blood, active seizure activity, cardiac arrest needing pressor support |
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Term
| examples of when an iv route is used at times when oral route is unavailable |
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Definition
ileus, acute GI bleeding, acute pancreatitis
when a rapid onset is needed |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| where do you want the effect? |
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Term
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Definition
| when do you want the effect? |
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Term
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Definition
| how often to dose for desired effect? |
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