_______ : it is the study of the kinetics of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) of drugs and their corresponding pharmacologic, therapeutic, or toxic responses in man and animals.

____ _____ is a certain concentration range that a drug has to be within to produce a desired pharmacological effect before reaching a toxic concentration.

Or Therapeutic Index

Therapeutic Range is a certain concentration range that a drug has to be within to produce a desired pharmacological effect before reaching a toxic concentration.

Or Therapeutic Index

_______ : how rapid and complete a drug is absorbed.

a measurement of the rate and extent to which a drug reaches the systemic circulation.

Bioavailablility : how rapid and complete a drug is absorbed.

a measurement of the rate and extent to which a drug reaches the systemic circulation.

_______  the study of the kinetics of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) of drugs and their corresponding pharmacologic, therapeutic, or toxic responses in man and animals.

_____ Kinetics: concentration of the drug in the body is Unproportional to the dose.

Example, alcohol

Unlinear Kinetics: concentration of the drug in the body is Unproportional to the dose.

Example, alcohol

Extravascular routes goes through an absorption phase and plays a critical role in how much of the drug reaches circulation.

Ex. Tablet, capsule, patches, nasal, etc.

AUC : _____ _____ ___ _____

Amount of drug that reached the blood circulation.

AUC : Area Under the  Curve

Amount of drug that reached the blood circulation.

_____ ____ : (ml/min) how rapid the body is becoming free of the drug in an amount of time.

3^rd Pharmocokinetic Property

Total Clearance : (ml/min) how rapid the body is becoming free of the drug in an amount of time.

3^rd Pharmocokinetic Property

aka: systemic clearance

MTC : _____ ____ ___

The upper limit of the therpeutic range

MTC : Minimum Toxic Concentration

The upper limit of the therpeutic range

MEC : _____ _____ ______

Bottom portion of the therapeutic range

MEC : Minimum Effective Range

Bottom portion of the therapeutic range

At time infinity, which two components equal each 100% in the urine?

At time infinity, which two components equal each other?

At peak concentration (CP_max), which two rates equal each other?

Elimination Rate and Absorption Rate Equal each other

Number of half-lifes needed two remove at least 99% of the Drug?

7 half-lifes are needed to remove 99% of the drug.

1. 50%

2. 25%

3. 12.5%

4. 6.25%

5. 3.125%

6. 1.625%

7. 0.08125%

When the drug is given Extravascularly, at t₀ where is 100% of the drug?

Administration Site

4 Pharmacokinetic Properties:

1. ____ _____

2. ______ ___-___

3. _______ __ ______

4. _______ ____ _____

4 Pharmacokinetic Properties:

1. Total Clearence

2. Elimination Half-Life

3. Volume of Distribution

4. Elimination Rate Constant

S.L. Plot : _____ ____ Plot

X- axis is always in the ____ scale

Y-Axis is always in the ____ scale

S.L. Plot : Semi Logarithmic Plot

X- axis is always in the Arrhythmic scale

Y-Axis is always in the Logarithmic scale

Which axis will contain the logarthmic scale for a SL plot?

Y-axis

_______ __ ____ : the time span (sec,min,hr) beginning from the onset of action and termination of action.

or the difference between the onset and termination of action.

Duration of Action: the time span (sec,min,hr) beginning from the onset of action and termination of action.

or the difference between the onset and termination of action.

Physical Pharmacy is one of the branches of pharmaceutics subject, and it deals with studies such partile size and size distribution, solubility ofa drug, and the bioavailability of a drug, and the bioavailability of a drug from various dosage forms. 

True or false?

Physical Pharmacy is one of the branches of pharmaceutics subject, and it deals with studies such partile size and size distribution, solubility ofa drug, and the bioavailability of a drug, and the bioavailability of a drug from various dosage forms. 

True or false?

Powder particle size and size distribution, true density, porosity, and the solubilityare considered as the physical-chemical properties of a drug and, therefore, they are studied in physical pharmacy; one of the disciplines of pharmaceutics.

True or False

Powder particle size and size distribution, true density, porosity, and the solubilityare considered as the physical-chemical properties of a drug and, therefore, they are studied in physical pharmacy; one of the disciplines of pharmaceutics.

True or False

What is used to assess the extent of drug absorption?

AUC, area under the plasma concentration curve

______ is a process where drug molecules move from the region of high concentration to the region of low concentration.

OR

The Process by which drug molecules move from the site of administration to the site of measurement. 

Is there a unit?

Diffusion is a process where drug molecules move from the region of high concentration to the region of low concentration.

OR

The Process by which drug molecules move from the site of administration to the site of measurement. 

Is there a unit?

NO UNIT

The time (sec,min,hr) at which the drug concentration in the plasma falls below the minimum effective concentration MEC.

_________ ___ ________

The time (sec,min,hr) at which the drug concentration in the plasma falls below the minimum effective concentration MEC.

Termination of Action

The plasma or serum concentration (mcg/ml,ng/ml,etc.) range, within which, the drug is likely to produce the therapeutic activity or effects.

________ ______

The plasma or serum concentration (mcg/ml,ng/ml,etc.) range, within which, the drug is likely to produce the therapeutic activity or effects.

Therapeutic Range

Which plot is used for a variable that has a logarithmic function?

S.L. Plot

Semi-logarithmic Plot

True or False

Every therapeutic agent is a chemical.

True or False

Every therapeutic agent is a chemical.

True or False. Peak time is influenced by the administered dose of the drug.

Peak time is NOT influenced by the dose of the drug.

Ex. Ambien 5mg and 10mg have the same peak time

True or False: Peak time is affected by dose administered.

Peak time is NOT affected by dose administered.

True or False: The smaller the particle size, the better

the particle will flow.

True or False: The smaller the particle size, the better the particle will flow.

Smaller size makes the particle flow more difficult. 

True or False: The smaller the size, the more irregularly shaped the particle is and the greater the porosity.

The lower the porosity.

Smaller size = more irregularly shapped = lower porosity.

_______ :  tells us to what extent of which the drug is distributed in body after administration. Theoretical value. Pharmacokinetic Propery.

(ml,L,nL)

Volume of Distribution : tells us to what extent of which the drug is distributed in body after administration. Theoretical value.

Pharmacokinetic Propery.

(ml,L,nL)

_______ : ·       (€)-% of open space in powder sample or tablet. Porosity is a percentage and has no unit.

 ________ is very much influenced by particle size and shape. A small particle size allows particles to dissolve quickly. If too small of a particle size, it creates problems with porosity. Smaller the particle size the, more irregular the particles are, the greater the porosity.

·       _______-compression pressure used to make the tablet; influences how fast or slow the drug is coming out. Tortuosity is a property which is very important for controlled release dosage form. Tortuosity has no unit. 

·       Tortuosity-compression pressure used to make the tablet; influences how fast or slow the drug is coming out. Tortuosity is a property which is very important for controlled release dosage form. Tortuosity has no unit. 

·       ___________ and ______ are very important properties in powder dosage forms.

·       Porosity and tortuosity are very important properties in powder dosage forms.

·       _______ are the four processes the drug will undergo after being administered to a patient. 

·       ADME(Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimination) are the four processes the drug will undergo after being administered to a patient. 

_____ _____ tells us the degree of lipid solubility of a drug.

-drugs ability to pass through your semi-permaeble membrane and into your circulation. 

Partition Coefficeint tells us the degree of lipid solubility of a drug.

-drugs ability to pass through your semi-permaeble membrane and into your circulation.