Term
| the preganglionic NT and receptor for PS and S |
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Definition
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Term
| PS postganglionic receptor and NT |
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Definition
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Term
| Sympathetic post-ganglionic receptor and NT on smooth muscle |
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Definition
| NE; alpha and beta receptors |
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Term
| sympathetic post-ganglionic NT and receptor on sweat glands |
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Definition
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Term
| Does adrenal medulla release more epi or NE? |
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Definition
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Term
| what NT and receptor does the somatic motor neuron release at the NMJ? |
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Definition
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Term
| describe main mechanism for inactivation NE |
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Definition
| NE is taken back up into the nerve terminal via the NE transporter (NET) (aka uptake 1) and either reused or degraded by MAO |
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Term
| what enzyme in the adrenal medulla converts NE to Epi? |
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Definition
| PNMT (phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase) |
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Term
| what's the significance of having both Epi and NE? |
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Definition
affinity for Beta2 different
-->epi has higher affinity for B2; NE doesn't bind to B2 for ease of discussion |
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Term
| what happens with low dose Epi? |
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Definition
| B2 receptor-->vasodilation and decreased PVR |
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Term
| what happens with high dose Epi? |
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Definition
| alpha1 and B2 receptors-->increased PVR |
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Term
| what's the main mechanism of inactivation for ACh? |
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Definition
| ACh is broken down by the enzyme AChE (acetylcholinesterase) located in the synaptic cleft |
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Term
| If it's a nicotonic receptor where is it? |
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Definition
| PS and S ganglia and skeletal m. |
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Term
| if it's a muscarinic receptor where is it? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| activates adenylyl cyclase |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits adenylyl cyclase |
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Term
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Definition
| activates phospholipase Cbeta |
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Term
| what's the response of activating alpha1 receptors? |
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Definition
| activates Gq--> increase in intracellular calciu, which causes contraction/secretion; PKC-->phosphorylate proteins |
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Term
| what's the response of activating alpha 2 receptors? |
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Definition
| activates Gi-->inhibits adenylyl cyclase-->increases K+ permeability-->decreases NT release |
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Term
| how do beta receptors work? |
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Definition
| Gs-->activates adenylyl cyclase-->increases cAMP-->phophorylate proteins |
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Term
| are muscarinic or nicotinic receptors faster? |
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Definition
nicotinic; muscarinic are g-protein coupled
why skeletal m. has nicotinic receptor |
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Term
| Nicotinic recpetors are ___-gated ion channels |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe action of nicotinic receptors |
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Definition
| when 2 molecules of ACh bind to the channel, the channel opens and sodium and potassium diffuse down their [ ] gradients; net flow of positively charged ions is inward; depolarizes cell causing either contraction (skeletal m.) or firing of nerve |
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Term
| Where is M3 located and what does its activation result in? |
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Definition
| smooth muscle; secretory glands; activates Gq and causes contraction/secretion |
|
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Term
| where is M2 located and what does it do? |
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Definition
| heart (decreased activity) because it activates Gi-->inhibits AC-->increases K permeability |
|
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Term
| what happens if you increase the permeability of the resting membrane to K+ in the SA node? |
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Definition
| hyperpolarization; harder to reach threshold |
|
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Term
| what's the effect of chronic exposure to antagonist? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what's the effect of chronic exposure to agonist? |
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Definition
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Term
| what receptors are located on the iris sphincter smooth muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| what receptors are located on the iris radial smooth muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are 2 ways to induce mydriasis (dilation) to perform a fundoscopic exam? |
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Definition
1) activate alpha1 receptors (and constrict the iris radial smooth m.)
2.) block M receptors (and don't constrict the iris sphincter smooth m.) |
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Term
| the ciliary muscle is relaxed in? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what receptor is located on the ciliary muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
you give a person a M antagonist to dilate the pupil:
1. what happened to their vision?
2. will an alpha1 agonist cause blurry vision? |
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Definition
1. blurry b/c effecting ability ciliary m. to control lens
2. no b/c it's not affecting ciliary m. |
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Term
| PS simtulation of the lachrymal glands? |
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Definition
| lacrimation; ACh-->M3-->activate Gq |
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Term
| what endogenous catecholamine will most likely bind to and activate the B2 receptors on the lungs? |
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Definition
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Term
| a person with COPD is having trouble breathing; what types of drugs can you use to open their airways? |
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Definition
activate B2 receptors (bronchodilation); bock M recpetors (block constriction and secretion)
e.g. albuterol |
|
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Term
| what type of drug(s) would be considered a physiological antagonist of bronchoconstriction? |
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Definition
B2 agonist
2 drugs produce opposite effects by interacting with 2 DIFFERENT receptors; muscarinic-->constriction; B2-->dilation
(muscarinic is pharm antagonist) |
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Term
| if someone has an ulcer with too much gastric acid secretion, how can you help them? |
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Definition
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Term
| what can you use in a patient who has urinary incontinence from detrusor overactivity? |
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Definition
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Term
| summarize effect muscarinic receptors on BV |
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Definition
| activation of M3 receptors on endothelial cells induces the production of NO; NO diffuses over to the vascular smooth m. cell where it activates guanylyl cyclase increasing the production of cGMP; cGMP causes smooth m. relaxation and vasodilation |
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Term
| what would be the difference between the effect of PS nervous system activatoin and administering a muscarinic agonist on PVR? |
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Definition
| PS-no change PVR; M agonist-->decrease PVR b/c activate receptors and increase NO productionex |
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Term
| examples of BV innervated by PS nerves? |
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Definition
| salivary glands, GI glands, genital erectile tissue |
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Term
| stimulation of which type of receptor will cause the greatest increase in CO? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what recpetors are responsible for thermoregulatory sweating? |
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Definition
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Term
| what receptors are responsible for sweating on palms of hands? |
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Definition
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Term
| what's one of the bothersome effects of blocking muscarinic receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| what may be a consequence of blocking beta receptors in a diabetic? |
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Definition
| impair response to hypoglycemia |
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Term
| what can you use beta2 agonists for? |
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Definition
hyperkalemia
activatoin of b2 receptors shifts K into the cell |
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