Term
| what anesthetic is used in eye exams? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two most common anesthetics used in eye exams: |
|
Definition
proparacaine HCL
tetracaine HCL |
|
|
Term
| replace tears or adds moisture to eyes and protects eyes during surgery: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inflammation of the cornea: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| paralyze the muscles of accommodation: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most potent cycloplegics: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| side effects of cycloplegics: |
|
Definition
tachycardia
photophobia
dry mouth |
|
|
Term
| inflammation of delicate membrane covering the eye ball: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are three conjunctivitis: |
|
Definition
| bacterial, viral and allergic |
|
|
Term
| what is another word for conjunctivitis: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if conjunctiitis is caused by allergies what is given? |
|
Definition
antihistamines
anti-inflammatories
anti-infectivies |
|
|
Term
| used to lower intra-ocular pressure by increasing blood flow to the retina and decreases retinal damage and vision loss: |
|
Definition
| cholenergic agent miotics |
|
|
Term
| direct acting miotic that stimulates pupillary and ciliart sphincter muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| side effects of pilocarpine: |
|
Definition
| blurred vision, eye pain and eye irritation |
|
|
Term
| systemic effects of pilocarpine: |
|
Definition
| flushing, diaphoresis, GI upset, diarrhea, increased salvation and muscle weakness |
|
|
Term
| what should be done when applying pilocarpine: |
|
Definition
| gentle digital pressure to nasolacromil drainage system for 1-2 mins after instillation and prevents the drug delivery into nasal mucosa |
|
|
Term
| contradictions for pilocarpine: |
|
Definition
retinal detachment
acute ocular inflammations
avoid absorption of drug with CAD
epilepsy and asthma |
|
|
Term
| toxicity effects of pilocarpine: |
|
Definition
| vertigo, bradycardia, hypotension, tremors, seizures and vomiting |
|
|
Term
| what causes open-angle glaucoma: |
|
Definition
| diminished outflow of aqueous humor |
|
|
Term
| what causes closed-angle glaucoma: |
|
Definition
| triggered by emotions or drugs that dilate pupils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what should be avoided while on glaucoma: |
|
Definition
| antihistamines and decongestants |
|
|
Term
| what must be done with anticholinergic drugs with glaucoma: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| time to wait between beta-blocker eye drops: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fist line of defense for glaucoma: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do beta-blockers do: |
|
Definition
| decrease the production of aqueous humor |
|
|
Term
| example of beta-blockers: |
|
Definition
betaxolol HCL
timolol maleate |
|
|
Term
| used for emergency treatment of acute closed angle glaucoma by decreasing vitreous humor volume: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does macular degeneration cuase: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does "wet" mean in macular degeneration: |
|
Definition
| rapid progression and loses vision fast |
|
|
Term
| what does "dry" mean in macular degeneration: |
|
Definition
| slowly destroys vision over the years |
|
|
Term
| andminstered as monthly injections in the eye: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when is ranibizumab most effective: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| used for long term treatment of open-angle glaucoma: |
|
Definition
| carbonic anhdyrase inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| what might carbonic anhydrase inhibitors cause: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is carbonic anhydrase inhbitors contraindicated for: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| example of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many drops of eye medication should be used: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long should be waited between administering eye medication: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does otic pertain to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| another name for acute otitis externs: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common pathogen in children with AOM (acute ottitis media) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| way to administer ear drops to adults: |
|
Definition
| pull up and back on auricle |
|
|
Term
| way to administer ear drops to children: |
|
Definition
| pull down and back on auricle |
|
|
Term
| how should ear irrigation be done? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| skin issue with flat and varying colors: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| raised, palpable less than 1 cm diameter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| raised, fluid, filled less that 1 cm diameter: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hard, rough, raised and flat on top: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does ototoxicity mean: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what medications are ototoxic: |
|
Definition
lasix
nsaids
erythromycin
gentamicin
vancomycin |
|
|
Term
| what can skin eruptions result from: |
|
Definition
viral infections (herpes simplex, herpes zoster)
fingal infections
bacterial infections |
|
|
Term
| what does tinea pedis mean: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does tinea capitis mean: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| loosen and removes impacted wax: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ways to remove chronic impaction of earwax: |
|
Definition
| 1-2 drops of olive or mineral oil |
|
|
Term
| what should be taught to a client when using ear drops: |
|
Definition
dont massage area
intruct not to put foreign objects in ear
instruct to take medication as prescribed
encourage client to keep follow-up |
|
|
Term
| examples of ceruminolytics: |
|
Definition
| hydrogen peroxide, burrows solution and acetic acid (vinager) |
|
|
Term
| allergic type of skin reaction that has no flakes: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common skin disorder in the US: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formation of papules, nodules and cysts on face, neck, shoulders and back |
|
|
Term
| what age group contains 90% of acne: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| non-pharmalogical measures for acne: |
|
Definition
gently cleanse several times a day
avoid vigorous scrubbing
well-balanced diet
decreasing emotional stress |
|
|
Term
| what does mild acne require: |
|
Definition
| may require gentle cleansing combined with the use of keratolytics (benzol peroxide) |
|
|
Term
| how can keratolytics be applied: |
|
Definition
cream
lotion
gel
once or twice a day |
|
|
Term
| what is an issue with tetracycline? |
|
Definition
| photosensitivity (needs to use sunscreen) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pregnancy class X
must use two methods of contraception
most monitor liver, glucose and lipids
contraindicated in diabetic clients on oral agens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flaky skin with erythematous papules and plaques with silvery scales |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| keratolytics (salicyclic acid) coal tar products |
|
|
Term
| how much faster is cell growth and turnover: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes contact dermatitis: |
|
Definition
| chemical or plant irritation |
|
|
Term
| what causes drug induced dermatitis: |
|
Definition
| adverse reaction to drug therapy and can be life threatening |
|
|
Term
| non-pharmalogical treatment for dermatitis: |
|
Definition
acoid direct contact with irritant
immediately cleasne the area |
|
|
Term
| pharmalogical measures for treatment of dermatitis: |
|
Definition
wet dressing with acetic acid
calamine lotion with zinc oxide
benadryl for persistent itching
glucocorticoid creams |
|
|
Term
| information about first degree burn: |
|
Definition
superficial on epidermis
is red and painful |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pearly white skin, charred and no pain
involves everything |
|
|
Term
| second degree burn (deep): |
|
Definition
| mottled, blistering, intense pain |
|
|
Term
| second degree burn (superficial): |
|
Definition
| blistering and very painful |
|
|
Term
| what does silcer sulfadiazine do for burns: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most common burn treatment: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does silver sulfadiazine work: |
|
Definition
| acts on cell membrane and cell wall to produce bactericidal effects |
|
|
Term
| what does mafenide acetate do for burns: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what might mafenide acetate cause: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is negative feedback: |
|
Definition
| when on thing goes up the other goes down or when something goes down the other goes up |
|
|
Term
| what are the three types of hormone pharmacotherapy: |
|
Definition
replacement (used because person is unable to secrete enough endogenous hormones)
mimic by increasing production of an exaggerated response
inhibit by blocking actions of endogenous hormones |
|
|
Term
| given to block effects of overactive thyroid: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what directs the pituitary gland: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the casacade for the endocrine glands: |
|
Definition
| hypo > hormone > pitutatry > hormone > target tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stimulates the growth and metabolism of cells: |
|
Definition
| somatotropin (growth hormone) |
|
|
Term
| deficiency of growth hormone: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| excess secretion of growth hormone by possible pituitary tumor: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acts on collecting tubules in kidneys to tell them to hold onto water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secreted from pituitary when hypothalamus senses decreased plasma volume or increase osmolarity in plasma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what can insulin receptor become more responsive with: |
|
Definition
| exercise and healthy diet |
|
|
Term
| why do we give long acting insulin: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does insulin inhibit: |
|
Definition
| gluconeogenesis (release of fatty acids from liver/ stops production of glucose from fats and proteins) |
|
|
Term
| onset and peak of intermediate insulin: |
|
Definition
onset 1-2 hours
peak 6-14 hours NPH |
|
|
Term
| onset and peak of long acting insulin: |
|
Definition
onset 1 hours
lantus has no peak lasts 24 hours
levemir peak is 6-8 hours lasts 24 hours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
has short onset
peak 1-5 hours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| beta cell destruction so no insulin is created |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cells that make glucagon: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cells that make the islets of langerhans: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is central diabetes insipidus: |
|
Definition
inability to secrete adequete ADH
due to head trauma, neurosurgery and IICP |
|
|
Term
| what are the two issues with diabetes insipidus: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is nephrogenic diabetes insipidis: |
|
Definition
| inability of the kidenys to respond to ADH |
|
|
Term
| result of Diabetes insipid us: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| another term for central diabetes: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| medical management of diabetes insipidis: |
|
Definition
restore volume by giving synthetic ADH
desmopressin acetate or vasopressin or thiazide diuretics |
|
|
Term
| what is the drug of choice for diabetes insipidus? |
|
Definition
| desmopressin acetate (drug of choice because it doesnt affect BP that much) |
|
|
Term
| how does a thiazide diuretic help diabetes insipidus? |
|
Definition
| helps tubule respond to ADH in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus |
|
|
Term
| what is the thyroid responsible for: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is needed to make the thyroid hormones: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is relaeased when T4 and T3 are low: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the strongest stimulation of the throid hormone: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do we get the major source of iodine: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hyperthyroid is known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a sign of hyperthyroidism: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| issues with hyperthyroidism: |
|
Definition
high metabolism
high everything
tachycardia
weight loss
increased temp
anxiety |
|
|
Term
| autoimmune disorder of the body develops antibodies against own thyroid: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| drugs that inhibits the incorporation of atoms into T3 and T4: |
|
Definition
propylthiouracil
methimozole |
|
|
Term
| radioactive isotope that destroys overactive thyroid cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| very high levels of thyroid hormone that can be life threatening: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| symptoms of thyroid storm: |
|
Definition
| increased fever, tachycardia, angina, MI, agitation, delirum and coma |
|
|
Term
| treatment for thyroid storm: |
|
Definition
| decrease fever while trying to avoid shivering, replace fluids and electrolytes, beta blockers and antithyroid drugs |
|
|
Term
| what causes thyroid storm: |
|
Definition
| person becomes ill and sends thyroid into overdrive |
|
|
Term
| another word for hypothyroidism: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| s/s of hypothyroidism (maxedema): |
|
Definition
| weakness, muscle cramps, dry skin, bradycardia, decreased sense of stimuli, intolerance to cold |
|
|
Term
| autoimmune disease where the person produces antichodines that attack the thyroid and is the number one cause of hypothyroidism: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what can induce hypothyroidism due to its high iodine content: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| issue with hypothyroidism: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what casues a release of coritsol: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what hormone does the medulla produce: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what hormone does the cortex produce: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what med is like Vit. D that controls calcium by having the body waste phosphrous andretaining calcium: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| issues with Ca and P in the parathyroid: |
|
Definition
Ca goes up P goes down
Ca goes down P goes up |
|
|
Term
| how does the hypothalamic cascade work? |
|
Definition
| hypothalamus release hormone > this stimulates the pitutary to release ACH > adrenal gland is stimulated which stimulates the kidneys and cortisol is released |
|
|
Term
| who showed steriods be stopped? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| syndrome with increased secretion of cortisol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cushings syndrome that occurs in patients recieving cortisol meds: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cushings syndrome caused by a tumor on adrenal or pitutitary gland: (weight gain, MS loss and depression) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| disease with adrenal insufficiency due to increased amount of steriod hormones in spite of adequate ACTH: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| symptoms of addisons disease: |
|
Definition
| fatigue, low BP, GI problems and decreased appetite |
|
|
Term
| antiadrenal agents for CUshing's: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what should ketoconconazole not be taken with: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blocks the cortisol formation in adrenal: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what drugs are used with someone who has addisons disease: |
|
Definition
| glucocorticoids such as prednisone or hydrocortisone |
|
|
Term
| stimulates release of insulin, increases cell sensitivity: |
|
Definition
| sulfonylureas (glyburide and glipzide) |
|
|
Term
| decreases gluconeogensis,,,, and decreases insulin resistance: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blocks the enzyme in sm intestine that breaks down carbs into monosaccharides |
|
Definition
| alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose) |
|
|
Term
| reduces insulin resistance and inhibits gluconeogensis: |
|
Definition
| thiazolidinediones (actos, avenida) |
|
|
Term
| stimulates the release of insulin: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| secred by intestine following a meal that signals the pancreas to produce insulin and signals liver to stop producing glucagon: |
|
Definition
| incretin hormone (byetta and januvia) |
|
|
Term
| mimics effects of incretin: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blocks enzyme that destroys incretin: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Side effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone |
|
Definition
| nausea, vomiting, increased appetite, mood swing, petechiae, water and sodium retention, hypokalemia, hypocalcaemia |
|
|
Term
| Drug interactions with adrenocorticotropic hormone: |
|
Definition
| increased potential for ulcer formation and hypoprothrombinemia with aspirin and NSAIDs, may increase potassium loss with thiazide and loop diuretics |
|
|
Term
| Patient education about adrenocorticotropic hormone: |
|
Definition
| adhere to drug regimen, decrease salt intake to avoid edema, report side effects such as edema or muscle weakness |
|
|
Term
| how does ADH relate to DI: |
|
Definition
| ADH promotes water reabsorption from the renal tubules to maintain water balance. So a deficiency of ADH can lead to a fluid volume deficit due to large amounts of water being excreted. This is known as diabetes insipidus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramps, drowsiness, headache, dizziness, lethargy and photophobia |
|
|
Term
| Calcitriol drug interactions |
|
Definition
| increased cardiac dysrthmias with digoxin and verapamil / decreased calcitrol absorption with cholestyramine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treats hypothyroidism and manage hypocalcemia in chronic renal failure |
|
|
Term
| Calcitriol patient education |
|
Definition
| report symptoms of tetany, report signs of hypercalciema, inform health care provider about pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| what do glucocorticoid inhibitors do? |
|
Definition
| inhibit glucocorticoid synthesis, temporary treatment of clients with cushing syndrome |
|
|
Term
| what do glucocorticoids do? |
|
Definition
| decreases inflammatory occurrence as an immunosuppressant |
|
|
Term
| which type of diabetes is the only one that should take oral anti-diabetic medication: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| control hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dizziness, fatigue, headache, agitation, bitter or metallic taste, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| alcohol may produce a disulfiram like reaction / hypoglycemia may be potiated by oral anticoags, MAOIs, salicylates, probenecid, sulfonamides, cimetidine, clofibrate and phenylbutazone |
|
|
Term
| Side effects of glipizide: |
|
Definition
| drowsiness, headache, confusion, anxiety, hunger, anorexia, nausea, constipation, diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| Mode of action of glipizide |
|
Definition
| controls hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes |
|
|
Term
| Synthroid drug interactions |
|
Definition
| increased cardiac insufficiency with epi / increased effects of anticoags, decongestants and depressants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treats hypothyroidism, myxedema and cretinism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramps, tremors, nervousness, insomnia, headache, weight loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swelling of the skin and underlying tissues giving a waxy consistency |
|
|
