Term
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Definition
| The specific compound's structure (usually long and difficult to pronounce) |
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Term
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Definition
Official or "nonproprietary" name
Shorter
MAY derive from chemical name |
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Term
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Definition
Phamaceutical company names the drug
Doesn't resemble generic or chemical name |
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Term
| What is the study of pharmacology? |
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Definition
| The study of the effects of chemicals on living organisms |
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Term
| What is the study of pharmacology for PTs? |
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Definition
| The study and evaluation of the use of drugs in humans and some animals as it RELATES TO ACTIVITY |
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Term
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Definition
It's a substance that
-alters physiologic functions
-is used for diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a disease |
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Term
| What is pharmacotherapeutics? |
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Definition
| It refers to the use of specific drugs to prevent, treat, or diagnose a disease |
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Term
| What is pharmacokinetics? |
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Definition
| How the body deals with drug absorption, distribution, and elimination |
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Term
| What is pharmacodynamics? |
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Definition
| Analysis of what drug does to the body including mechanisms by which the drug exerts its effects |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of harmful effects of drugs |
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Term
| What is more expensive? Generic or brand-name drugs? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Generic drugs must contain the same active ingredients as the brand-name drug. |
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Definition
| TRUE- a generic drug may actually even be substituted for the corresponding brand-made drug |
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Term
| Who monitors the use of existing drugs and develops and approves new drugs? |
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Definition
| Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
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Term
| What is the FDA concerned about when approving and monitoring drugs? |
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Definition
1) Is the drug effective in treating a certain condition?
2) Is the drug reasonably safe for human use? |
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Term
| What are preclinical studies? |
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Definition
Animal studies that determine
1) Basic pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties
2) Dosage and toxicity |
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Term
| What does the pharma company do after preclinical studies? |
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Definition
| Files an Investigational New Drug Application (IND) with the FDA |
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Term
| What is phase 1 of drug approval? |
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Definition
Small numbers (20-80)
healthy volunteers determine pharmacologic actions & toxic effects |
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Term
| What is phase 2 of drug approval? |
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Definition
Small sample (200-300)
WITH specific disease or condition to evaluate effectiveness, side effects, and other risks |
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Term
| What is phase 3 of drug approval? |
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Definition
| Hundreds/thousands with the disease or condition to obtain safety and effectiveness data |
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Term
| How long does testing take? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens after Phase 3 of drug approval? |
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Definition
| The company submits a New Drug Application (NDA). FDA reviews data extensively. If FDA approves, drug can be marketed and prescribed for use in general population |
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Term
| How is drug safety and effectiveness monitored after NDA approval? |
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Definition
-Reports from health care providers
- Obtaining info. on how drug is used in clinical practice
- Monitoring how the drug compares to similar drugs |
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Term
| What are Over the counter medications? |
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Definition
| Drugs that may be sold w/o prescription |
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Term
| What are prescription only medications? |
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Definition
| Drugs that require prescription from a properly credentialed healthcare practitioner |
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Term
| What are controlled substances? |
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Definition
| Both legal and illegal drugs- these are based on potential for abuse |
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Term
| Describe Over the Counter drugs. |
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Definition
1) Treats minor conditions
2) Easily obtained
3) Less expensive
4) Safe since chances of toxic effects are now, abuse potential is low |
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Term
| Describe prescription drugs |
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Definition
FDA Authorized by a healthcare practitioner.
Also referred to as Legend drugs. |
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Term
| What are schedule I drugs? |
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Definition
-highest abuse potential
-not acceptable medical treatment in US
-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is an exception |
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Term
| What are schedule II drugs? |
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Definition
-High potential for abuse and addiction
- Approved for therapeutic purposes
-ex. morphine, methamphetamine
-Strict control prescribing |
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Term
| What are schedule III drugs? |
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Definition
- Lower abuse potential but still a mild-moderate physical dependence, strong psychological dependence, or both
-ex. codeine /anabolic steroids |
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Term
| What are schedule IV drugs? |
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Definition
Lower abuse potential than schedule III
Limited physical and/or psychological dependence
Ex. Diazepam or phenobarbital |
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Term
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Definition
| Lowest relative abuse potential |
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