Term
| morphology of stratum corneum |
|
Definition
non-living cells
no nuclei
no organells
fibrous proteins
disulfide cross links
intercellular hydrophobic lipids |
|
|
Term
| 3 barriers of absorption into the skin |
|
Definition
nature of the drug: must be soluble, better absorbed if lipophilic
behavior of vehicle: hydrating or not
status of skin: resistance to absorption lost in disease |
|
|
Term
| how much topical covers the average adult body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anatomic changes that effect topical drugs 3 |
|
Definition
permeability is inversley proportional to thickness of stratum corneum
differences in lipid concentration affect absorption
better penetration on face and between folds of skin |
|
|
Term
| abornmal changes in skin and how they affect topical medications |
|
Definition
stratum corneum abnormal or barrier function lost
topical absorption is increased and make cause toxicity (esp steroids) |
|
|
Term
| how hydration effects topical medications, how it can be adusted |
|
Definition
absorption is increased with hydration
water is produced by inhibiting transepidermal loss of water
hydration can be induced by occlusion with impermeable film, lipophilic occlusive vehicles (ointment), soaking dry dkin before occlusion |
|
|
Term
| best vehicles for acute and chronic inflammation |
|
Definition
acute: aqueous drying prep
chronic: hydrating prep |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| easiest method of drying acute preperations, draw water out |
|
|
Term
| function and use of lotions |
|
Definition
| power in water suspension and solutions dissolved in solvent ideal for hairy areas and between folds |
|
|
Term
| function and use of cream or oil in water emulsion |
|
Definition
| absorbable in most cosmetically acceptable way to joint |
|
|
Term
| function and use of ointment water in oil emulsion |
|
Definition
| most effective for dry scaily erruptions, greasy |
|
|
Term
| how does age adjust topical med dosing |
|
Definition
| kids have more surface area to mass than adults so same amount of drug increases systemic dose |
|
|
Term
| 6 topical antibiotics and their administration |
|
Definition
triple antibiotic OTC (neosporin): neomycin, bacitracin, polymyxin B
neosporin G Rx: neomycin, gramicidin
mupirocin Rx
providone-iodine (betadine) OTC: cream, spray, scrub, solution
hexachlorophene Rx: solution
chlordexidine OTC: solution |
|
|
Term
| which 2 topical antibiotics cause toxicity |
|
Definition
neosporin G: neomycin, gramicidin can be toxicic
hexachlorophene: can cause CNS toxicity |
|
|
Term
| which topical antibiotics are used in minor cuts, scrapes, burns 2 |
|
Definition
triple antibiotics
neosporin G |
|
|
Term
| which topical antibiotics are used in wound cleaning or scrib 3 |
|
Definition
providone-iodine
chlordexidine
hexachlorophene |
|
|
Term
| which topical antibiotic is used for impetigo (S. pyrogenes) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do you decide which topical steroid to use 5 |
|
Definition
based on potency
absorption varies in different body areas
site of involvement: hydracortizone is weak on face
severity of disease
follow more potent agent by less potent |
|
|
Term
| 3 types of topical corticosteroids and their drug |
|
Definition
high potency: betamethasone diporpionate
intermediate: triamcinolone acetate
low potency: hydrocortisone |
|
|
Term
| use of topical corticosteroids 3 |
|
Definition
contact dermatitis - short term
to
lupus - long term
adjunct for dermatitis: H1 blockers normally, sometimes oral glucocorticoids
so anything |
|
|
Term
| topical toxicities of topical corticosteroids 3 |
|
Definition
skin atrophy
aceniform eruptions
hypopigmentation of pigmented skin |
|
|
Term
| systemic toxicities of topical corticosteroids 3 |
|
Definition
supression of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis
growth retardation in small children |
|
|
Term
| what drugs are retinoids 2 |
|
Definition
treninoin: isotrentinoin (acutane)
retinoic acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
derivative of retinol cause vitamin A activity
influence cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, sebum production
mediated through NUCLEAR ACID RECEPTORS (RARs) of thyroid/steroid super family of receptors
receptors bind retinoids and SNA and act as TF to increase transcription |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduce hyperkeratinization that causes microcomedone formation of acne lesions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| response can take up to 4mo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
erythema
peeling
burning
stinging
phototoxicity
decrease activity with time
if oral treatogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sebum synthesis reduces propionibacterium acnes (microbe causing inflammation) reducing microdome formation |
|
|
Term
| isotretinoin administration and use |
|
Definition
| oral for severe nodular acne, acne unresponsive to antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mucous membrane dryness
dry eyes
conjunctivitis
photosensitivity
hyperlipidemia
depressive episodes
teratogenicity if in first 3wk of pregnancy: spontaneous abortion in 1.3 (must have negative pregnancy test and 2 forms BC before starting) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
benzyl peroxide
erythromycin solution
clindamycin solution
abrasive scrubs
washes with proviodine-iodine
tretnoin
systemic: isotrentinoin, erythromycin, minocycline, tetracycline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chronic scaling of skin due to keratinocyte hyperproliferation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aromatic retinoid
used for inflammatory psoriasis (pustular, erythodermic) |
|
|
Term
| etretinate: half life, distribution |
|
Definition
t1/2 100d
accumulate in fatty tissue
in plasma 2-3y after DC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hari loss
sticky skin
bruising
liver function abnormalities
teratogen: never in females of child bearing age, if so use BC for 3y after DC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PUVA promotes melanogenesis of skin
pigmentation is due to transfer of melanosomes from melanocytes to epidermal cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nausea
blistering
painful erythema
photoaging
non-melanoma skin cancer SCC 10x risk
cataracts
liver dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| topical psoriasis treatments 7 |
|
Definition
calcipoterine
methralin
anti-TNF biologicals: etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab
coal tar
etretinate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vitamin D analog binds itnracellular receptor that modulates DNA transcription
receptors are in epidermal keratinocytes
more effective than high potency glucocorticoids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibits DNA snthesis (intercalation)
mitochondria inhibition
free radical formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
staining and irradiation of uninvolved skin
premament staining of clothes and home |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
poor pt compliance
messy
smelly
staining |
|
|
Term
| keratolytic agents: 3 drugs, use |
|
Definition
lactic acid
glycolytic acid
salicylic acid
hyperkeratotoic and scaling cutaneous erruptions |
|
|
Term
| podophyllin resin use and se 2 |
|
Definition
genital warts
irritation and ulceration reactions
neuropathy and death from large amount |
|
|
Term
| lindane use, 3 administrations, MOA |
|
Definition
lice and scabies
lotion, cream, shampoo
stimulates nervous system resulting in death of arthropds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
zinc oxide and ferric oxide
protective agent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aluminum sulfate and calcium acetate
wet dressings |
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